63 Cited authorities

  1. Ashcroft v. Iqbal

    556 U.S. 662 (2009)   Cited 251,689 times   279 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a claim is plausible where a plaintiff's allegations enable the court to draw a "reasonable inference" the defendant is liable
  2. Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

    550 U.S. 544 (2007)   Cited 265,662 times   364 Legal Analyses
    Holding that a complaint's allegations should "contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to 'state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face' "
  3. Walden v. Fiore

    571 U.S. 277 (2014)   Cited 4,281 times   49 Legal Analyses
    Holding that “the mere fact that [defendant's] conduct affected plaintiffs with connections to the forum State does not suffice to authorize jurisdiction.”
  4. Pennhurst State School Hosp. v. Halderman

    465 U.S. 89 (1984)   Cited 13,395 times   8 Legal Analyses
    Holding that sovereign immunity prohibits federal courts from "instruct[ing] state officials on how to conform their conduct to state law"
  5. Ruhrgas AG v. Marathon Oil Co.

    526 U.S. 574 (1999)   Cited 4,119 times   12 Legal Analyses
    Holding that, because "[t]hey keep the federal courts within the bounds the Constitution and Congress have prescribed," questions concerning subject matter jurisdiction "must be policed by the courts on their own initiative even at the highest level"
  6. Younger v. Harris

    401 U.S. 37 (1971)   Cited 16,649 times   14 Legal Analyses
    Holding that it was improper for the district court in that case to enjoin a state prosecution against Younger, in light of "the national policy forbidding federal courts to stay or enjoin pending state court proceedings except under special circumstances"
  7. Sprint Commc'ns, Inc. v. Jacobs

    571 U.S. 69 (2013)   Cited 1,609 times   4 Legal Analyses
    Holding that "these three 'exceptional' categories . . . define Younger's scope"
  8. Colorado River Water Cons. Dist. v. U.S.

    424 U.S. 800 (1976)   Cited 8,167 times   13 Legal Analyses
    Holding that, in limited circumstances, federal courts should abstain from deciding a case when there are related proceedings pending in state court
  9. Calder v. Jones

    465 U.S. 783 (1984)   Cited 4,612 times   23 Legal Analyses
    Holding a California court had personal jurisdiction over individual defendants when the defendants had not visited the state in connection with an allegedly defamatory article and "[we]re not responsible for the circulation of the article in California"
  10. Int'l Shoe Co. v. Washington

    326 U.S. 310 (1945)   Cited 22,550 times   109 Legal Analyses
    Holding that states may exercise personal jurisdiction over out-of-state defendants with "certain minimum contacts with [the forum] such that the maintenance of the suit does not offend ‘traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice’ " (quoting Milliken v. Meyer , 311 U.S. 457, 463, 61 S.Ct. 339, 85 L.Ed. 278 (1940) )
  11. Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

    Fed. R. Civ. P. 8   Cited 155,637 times   193 Legal Analyses
    Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."
  12. Section 1391 - Venue generally

    28 U.S.C. § 1391   Cited 27,703 times   197 Legal Analyses
    Finding that venue lies where a "substantial part of the events or omissions giving rise to the claim" occurred
  13. Section 1985 - Conspiracy to interfere with civil rights

    42 U.S.C. § 1985   Cited 19,779 times   10 Legal Analyses
    Concerning conspiracies to obstruct justice or intimidate a party, witness, or juror
  14. Section Amendment IV - Search and Seizure

    U.S. Const. amend. IV   Cited 26,590 times   1 Legal Analyses
    Recognizing that "[t]he right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized"
  15. Section Amendment XIV - Rights Guaranteed: Privileges and Immunities of Citizenship, Due Process, and Equal Protection

    U.S. Const. amend. XIV   Cited 11,394 times   3 Legal Analyses
    Prohibiting deprivations by “State”
  16. Section Amendment I - Religion and Expression

    U.S. Const. amend. I   Cited 7,064 times   3 Legal Analyses
    Recognizing the "right to petition the Government for redress of grievances"
  17. Section Amendment XI - Suits Against States

    U.S. Const. amend. XI   Cited 5,946 times
    Granting states immunity from cases "against one of the United States"
  18. Section 260:5A - Consumer protection actions

    Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 260 § 5A   Cited 220 times   2 Legal Analyses
    Setting a four-year statute of limitations
  19. Section 93A:6 - Examination of books and records; attendance of persons; notice

    Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 93A § 6   Cited 12 times
    Authorizing the Attorney General in furtherance of her investigatory powers to "examine ... any documentary material of whatever nature relevant to such alleged unlawful method, act or practice" and take testimony under oath