Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing

Village of Willowbrook v. Olech

Holding that a class of one could challenge different treatment under the Equal Protection Clause where treatment was alleged to be "irrational and wholly arbitrary"

Mathews v. Eldridge

Holding that federal procedural due process claims are subject to a balancing test, not heightened scrutiny

Reed v. Town of Gilbert

Holding that a town's content-based sign regulation failed strict scrutiny because “[t]he Town cannot claim that placing strict limits on temporary directional signs is necessary to beautify the Town while at the same time allowing unlimited numbers of other types of signs that create the same problem”

Lingle v. Chevron U. S. A.

Holding that a substantive due process inquiry has "no proper place" in Takings doctrine, while distinguishing Nollan and Dolan as a special application of unconstitutional conditions doctrine for Takings

Central Hudson Gas Elec. v. Public Serv. Comm'n

Holding that a restriction on commercial speech must directly advance a substantial governmental interest

Sorrell v. IMS Health Inc.

Holding that a law "designed to impose a specific, content-based burden on protected expression" is subject to "heightened judicial scrutiny"

Lakewood v. Plain Dealer Publishing Co.

Holding that a statute "placing unbridled discretion in the hands of a government official or agency" is unconstitutional

Forsyth County v. Nationalist Movement

Holding that the First Amendment forbids a county from charging even a small permitting fee to offset the costs of providing security for a white-nationalist rally

Cincinnati v. Discovery Network, Inc.

Holding a city ordinance intended to advance safety and aesthetic interests unconstitutional because it unjustifiably affected only a small fraction of operating newsracks, thus constituting an unreasonable fit between ends and means

Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."

Section 818.2 - Adoption or failure to adopt enactment, failure to enforce law

Section 65858 - Urgency measure adopted as interim ordinance

Authorizing interim ordinance of up to two years