18 Cited authorities

  1. Ashcroft v. Iqbal

    556 U.S. 662 (2009)   Cited 264,376 times   281 Legal Analyses
    Holding court need not credit "mere conclusory statements" in complaint
  2. Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly

    550 U.S. 544 (2007)   Cited 277,581 times   369 Legal Analyses
    Holding that allegations of conduct that are merely consistent with wrongdoing do not state a claim unless "placed in a context that raises a suggestion of" such wrongdoing
  3. Kowalski v. Tesmer

    543 U.S. 125 (2004)   Cited 735 times   2 Legal Analyses
    Holding that attorneys lacked third party standing to assert the rights of future, as yet unascertained clients with whom “they ha[d] no relationship at all”
  4. Massachusetts Bd. of Retirement v. Murgia

    427 U.S. 307 (1976)   Cited 1,730 times   1 Legal Analyses
    Holding that age is not a quasi-suspect class
  5. Bridges v. Gilbert

    557 F.3d 541 (7th Cir. 2009)   Cited 1,851 times
    Holding that " single retaliatory disciplinary charge that is later dismissed is insufficient to serve as the basis of a § 1983 action"
  6. Saenz v. Roe

    526 U.S. 489 (1999)   Cited 562 times   1 Legal Analyses
    Holding that where the right "to be treated equally" is at stake, "discriminatory classification is itself a penalty"
  7. Gibson v. City of Chicago

    910 F.2d 1510 (7th Cir. 1990)   Cited 3,000 times   1 Legal Analyses
    Holding that "the actions of an officer who has no authority whatsoever to act" are outside the ambit of § 1983
  8. Attorney General of N.Y. v. Soto-Lopez

    476 U.S. 898 (1986)   Cited 312 times
    Holding unconstitutional a preference in state civil service employment opportunities for veterans who were residents when they entered military service
  9. United Building Constr. Trades v. Mayor

    465 U.S. 208 (1984)   Cited 245 times   1 Legal Analyses
    Holding that Privileges and Immunities Clause protected right of noncitizen to engage in construction work and noting that "the pursuit of a common calling is one of the most fundamental of those privileges protected by the Clause"
  10. Toomer v. Witsell

    334 U.S. 385 (1948)   Cited 526 times   3 Legal Analyses
    Holding that the Commerce Clause was violated where a state required that shrimp boats fishing off of its coast pack their shrimp and pay state taxes before transporting their catch interstate
  11. Rule 12 - Defenses and Objections: When and How Presented; Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings; Consolidating Motions; Waiving Defenses; Pretrial Hearing

    Fed. R. Civ. P. 12   Cited 358,800 times   954 Legal Analyses
    Granting the court discretion to exclude matters outside the pleadings presented to the court in defense of a motion to dismiss
  12. Rule 8 - General Rules of Pleading

    Fed. R. Civ. P. 8   Cited 162,588 times   197 Legal Analyses
    Holding that "[e]very defense to a claim for relief in any pleading must be asserted in the responsive pleading. . . ."