Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes

Holding in Rule 23 context that “[w]ithout some glue holding the alleged reasons for all those decisions together, it will be impossible to say that examination of all the class members' claims for relief will produce a common answer”

Amchem Prods., Inc. v. Windsor

Holding that courts are "bound to enforce" Rule 23's certification requirements, even where it means decertifying a class after they had reached a settlement agreement and submitted it to the court for approval

Summers v. Earth Island Inst.

Holding that supplementation of the district court record to receive affidavits from the organization's members was not permitted "in the circumstances here: after the trial is over, judgment has been entered, and a notice of appeal has been filed"

Gen. Tel. Co. of Sw. v. Falcon

Holding that named plaintiff must prove “much more than the validity of his own claim”; the individual plaintiff must show that “the individual's claim and the class claims will share common questions of law or fact and that the individual's claim will be typical of the class claims,” explicitly referencing the “commonality” and “typicality” requirements of Rule 23

Erica P. John Fund, Inc. v. Halliburton Co.

Holding that a plaintiff need not prove loss causation in order to obtain class certification

Phillips Petroleum Co. v. Shutts

Holding that “the Due Process Clause of course requires that the named plaintiff at all times adequately represent the interests of the absent class members”

Ellis v. Costco Wholesale Corp.

Holding that plaintiffs' commonality must connect to their claim for class relief

U.S. v. Dunkel

Holding that "Judges are not like pigs, hunting for truffles buried in" the record

In re Hydrogen Peroxide Antitrust Litig.

Holding that plaintiffs must make more than a mere " threshold showing," they must establish facts " by the preponderance of the evidence"

Marcus v. BMW of N. Am., LLC

Holding that the party seeking class certification must demonstrate the putative class's conformance with Rule 23

Rule 23 - Class Actions

Holding that, to certify a class, the court must find that "questions of law or fact common to class members predominate over any questions affecting only individual members"

Section 95-25.2 - Definitions

Defining "wages" to includes commissions

Section 95-25.8 - Withholding of wages

Providing that employees may authorize wage deductions for their convenience

Section 436.1 - Definitions

Defining "franchise"

Section 12 .0103 - FEDERAL LAW AS GUIDE

Establishing as persuasive authority to be given "great weight" FLSA interpretations and rulings "[w]here the legislature has adopted the language or terminology of the [FLSA] for the purpose of facilitating and simplifying compliance by employers with both the federal and state labor laws"

Section 12 .0305 - AUTHORIZATION FOR WITHHOLDING OF WAGES