101 Cited authorities

Terry v. Ohio
392 U.S. 1 (1968) Cited 38,128 times 73 Legal Analyses
Holding that a police officer who has reasonable suspicion of criminal activity may conduct a brief investigative stop
Pennsylvania v. Mimms
434 U.S. 106 (1977) Cited 3,363 times 15 Legal Analyses
Holding that officer's practice of ordering occupants out of the car during all traffic stops was not a constitutional violation
United States v. Ventresca
380 U.S. 102 (1965) Cited 3,896 times 6 Legal Analyses
Holding that affidavits for search warrants must be interpreted in a "commonsense and realistic fashion" because they "are normally drafted by nonlawyers in the midst and haste of a criminal investigation"
Staples v. United States
511 U.S. 600 (1994) Cited 1,152 times 6 Legal Analyses
Holding that a presumption of mens rea applies to statute otherwise silent on knowledge and thus requiring defendant to have known that the gun was an automatic
People v. Gray
86 N.Y.2d 10 (N.Y. 1995) Cited 3,227 times 5 Legal Analyses
Holding that the issue of evidentiary sufficiency must be preserved for appellate review
Draper v. United States
358 U.S. 307 (1959) Cited 2,689 times 1 Legal Analyses
Holding that hearsay may be considered in determining the existence of probable cause, even if it would not be admissible in a criminal trial
Morissette v. United States
342 U.S. 246 (1952) Cited 2,271 times 15 Legal Analyses
Holding that it is a defense to a charge of "knowingly converting" federal property that one did not know that what one was doing was a conversion
People v. De Bour
40 N.Y.2d 210 (N.Y. 1976) Cited 2,267 times 6 Legal Analyses
In People v. LaPene, 352 N.E.2d 562 (N.Y. 1976), the New York Court of Appeals laid out a sliding scale of justifiable police intrusion, short of probable cause to arrest, which specified three distinct levels of intrusion correlating the allowable intensity of police conduct to the nature and weight of the facts precipitating the intrusion.
People v. Alejandro
70 N.Y.2d 133 (N.Y. 1987) Cited 1,214 times
Reviewing the legislature's intent to create a "demanding standard" for the sufficiency of informations
United States v. Freed
401 U.S. 601 (1971) Cited 519 times
Holding that a violation of § 5861(d) may be established without proof that the defendant was aware of the fact that the firearm he possessed was unregistered

The People, Respondent,v.Richard Gonzalez, Appellant.

101 Cited authorities

Holding that a police officer who has reasonable suspicion of criminal activity may conduct a brief investigative stop

Holding that officer's practice of ordering occupants out of the car during all traffic stops was not a constitutional violation

Holding that affidavits for search warrants must be interpreted in a "commonsense and realistic fashion" because they "are normally drafted by nonlawyers in the midst and haste of a criminal investigation"

Holding that a presumption of mens rea applies to statute otherwise silent on knowledge and thus requiring defendant to have known that the gun was an automatic

Holding that the issue of evidentiary sufficiency must be preserved for appellate review

Holding that hearsay may be considered in determining the existence of probable cause, even if it would not be admissible in a criminal trial

Holding that it is a defense to a charge of "knowingly converting" federal property that one did not know that what one was doing was a conversion

Reviewing the legislature's intent to create a "demanding standard" for the sufficiency of informations

Holding that a violation of § 5861(d) may be established without proof that the defendant was aware of the fact that the firearm he possessed was unregistered