Wolfkill Feed & Fertilizer Corp.

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Nov 22, 1985

277 N.L.R.B. 635 (N.L.R.B. 1985)

WOLFKILL FEED CORP.
Walfldll Feed & Fertilizer Corp . and Jerry K. Wil-
liams. Case 19-CA-16717
22 November 1985
DECISION AND ORDER
BY CHAIRMAN DOTSON AND MEMBERS
DENNIS AND JOHANSEN
On 22 August 1985 Administrative Law Judge
David G. Heilbrun issued the attached decision.
The Respondent filed exceptions and a supporting
brief. The General Counsel filed cross-exceptions,
an answering brief, and a brief in support of the de-
cision.
The National Labor Relations Board has delegat-
ed its authority in this proceeding to a three-
member panel.
The Board has considered the decision and the
record in light of the exceptions and briefs and has
decided to affirm the judge's rulings, findings, I and
conclusions, and to adopt the recommended
Order.2
ORDER
The National Labor Relations Board adopts the
recommended Order of the administrative law
judge and orders that the Respondent, Wolfkill
Feed & Fertilizer Corp., Stanwood, Washington,
its officers, agents, successors, and assigns, shall
take the action set forth in the Order.
' No exceptions were filed with respect to the judge's discussion con-
cerning deferral to arbitration.
2 The Respondent argues, in effect, that legitimate business concerns
will prevent the discruminatees from being reinstated The Respondent's
argument is more appropriately left to the compliance stage of this pro-
ceeding.
Melvin R. Kang, Esq., for the General Counsel.
Bruce Michael Cross and Michael T Reynvaan, Esqs. (Per-
kins , Coie, Stone, Olsen & Williams), of Seattle, Wash-
ington, for the Respondent.
DECISION
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
DAVID G. HEILBRUN, Administrative Law Judge. This
case was tried at Seattle , Washington, 30 May 1985.1
The charge was filed by Jerry K. Williams 1 May and
the complaint was issued 27 February 1985. The primary
issues are whether Wolfkill Feed & Fertilizer Corp., the
Respondent, (a) unlawfully laid off Williams, Donald
Bowman, and Marvin Hansen because they concertedly
complained to the Washington State Department of
Labor and Industries, Division of Safety and Industrial
Health (WISHA) regarding ; their wages, hours, and
' All dates are from November 1983 until October 1984 unless other-
wise indicated.
635
working conditions, in violation of Section 8(a)(1) of the
National Labor Relations Act and (b) whether neverthe-
less the complaint should be dismissed because the Re-
gional Director revoked a prior decision to defer proc-
essing of the case pursuant to the Board's policy in Col-
lyer Insulated Wire, 192 NLRB 837 (1971), as modified
by United Technologies Corp., 268 NLRB 557 (1984).
On the entire record,2 including my observation of the
demeanor of witnesses, and after consideration of briefs
filed by the General Counsel and the Respondent, I
make the following
FINDINGS OF FACT
1. JURISDICTION
The Respondent, a Washington corporation, processes
and sells feed and fertilizer at this facility in Stanwood,
Washington. It annually sells and ships goods or services
from all its facilities within the State of Washington
valued in excess of $50,000 to customers outside the
State, or to customers within the State which were them-
selves engaged in interstate commerce by other than in-
direct means. The Respondent admits and I find that it is
an employer engaged in commerce within the meaning
of Section 2(6) and (7) of the Act.
II. ALLEGED UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES
A. Setting
The establishment involved in this proceeding is part
of a multifacility enterprise headquartered in Monroe,
Washington, which engaged in feed mill and fertilizer
production plus the operation of poultry farms. This
Stanwood, Washington facility is managed by Jerry M.
Wolfkill, a corporate vice president, and comprises at
one integrated location a retail store, warehouse, and
feed mill with appurtenant grinder, mixers, scales, silos,
bins, and related apparatus for the movement of prod-
ucts.
A collective-bargaining relationship exists between Re-
spondent and Teamsters Local 38, with contract repre-
sentation at Stanwood applying only to drivers and feed
mill workers of which there were three and four, respec-
tively, during November. Other individuals of an admin-
istrative capacity, part-time warehouse employees, custo-
dial, or in-store operations were not covered by the
Teamsters agreement. A grievance and arbitration proce-
dure was set forth in relevant contract language as arti-
cle XIV, and keyed to "interpretation or application of
any of the terms of this Agreement." Unsettled oral
grievances were to be reduced to writing concerning
their facts, remedy sought, and reference "to the article
or articles of the Agreement alleged to have been violat-
ed." The arbitration clause contemplated arbitral selec-
tion from an FMCS list, and contained an express decla-
ration that the agreement may not be altered in the proc-
ess of an arbiter arriving at a decision.
2 Errors in the transcript have been noted and corrected
277 NLRB No. 58
636 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
B. Basis of Analysis
During late fall of 1983 feed mill operations were car-
ried out by pairing the employees on shifts that rotated
each week. One team was Bowman and Williams, the
other was Hansen working with Mike Lynn. These pairs
alternately covered a day shift of 9 hours on Monday
through Thursday, and a swing shift of 7 hours from 4 to
II p.m. on Monday through Thursday, plus a 9-hour
workday on Friday.
Prior to November feed mill employees were allowed
unrestricted access during all working hours to Respond-
ent's store and office area in which a restroom was locat-
ed. Wolfkill testified that this practice resulted in unwel-
come disarray to the office from after-hours use, and that
plans had been made to revamp basic lunchroom and
restroom facilities for employees. In November the se-
quence of renovation work caused a locking of the door
formerly used by feed mill employees for their after-
hours access to a bathroom, first aid kit, and relief from
particularly cold temperatures.
Bowman testified that this change dismayed him and
the other mill employees, but from overheard remarks of
Assistant Manager Rick Schmitt, it appeared the change
was permanent. However, Wolfkill testified that he had
invited Hansen to coordinate a direct cutting into the
restroom area through its outer wall, but this expediency
did not materialize because of distraction over the holi-
day season and unavailability of a needed independent
contractor.
In early January the feed mill employees discussed
their continuing annoyance with nonaccess to a bath-
room and decided to call in WISHA on the matter. Con-
tact was actually made by a neighbor of Bowman and on
12 January an inspector of that agency made an unan-
nounced plant visit from which a written report issued to
Respondent. Several minor violations were noted, one of
which was "failure to have toilet facilities open for use
during all working hours," for which the routine abate-
ment date of 27 January was given. Wolfkill testified that
bathroom access was soon completed, and that coinci-
dentally the delayed independent contractor had ap-
peared for this work about the same day as the WISHA
inspection.
On 19 January Wolfkill conducted a meeting of union-
represented employees along with his administrative
staff. He had prepared a letter of that date to John
Donovan, secretary-treasurer of Teamsters Local 38, and
presented a copy to each of the assembled employees
along with advice that Bowman, Hansen, and Williams
were being laid off. At that point Bowman had been em-
ployed with Respondent for nearly 6 years, while
Hansen and Williams each had worked there for approxi-
mately 13 years.
Wolfkill's letter to the Teamsters opened with a refer-
ence to Stanwood employees "appear[ing] unhappy,"
and that recent occurrences related to the lockout from
formerly available areas and his ultimatum that cleaner
surroundings be maintained had "stirred things up." In
continuing these subjects the letter read, in part:
In response to the lockup and the ultimatum to
clean up, the employees filed a complaint with
WISHA . . . I object to the way that the employ-
ees handled this complaint. A compromise could
have been worked out between management and
employees or through the union. It was not neces-
sary to call in a third party . . . I am objecting to
an official complaint to a third party without discus-
sion.
Hansen testified that he worked the day following this
meeting during which he oriented former truckdriver
Paul Taylor on unfamiliar operations within the mill and
on machinery maintenance. Bowman was recalled briefly
for work as a truckdriver in February, while Williams
was eventually recalled in September and worked from
that point until another layoff in March 1985.
Wolfkill testified that the January layoffs were a com-
bination of plans to improve productivity after installa-
tion of a large auger system to a 100-ton-capacity silo as
would increase the amount of ground corn available for
mixing into feed. He emphasized another factor as loss of
a major customer which had increased Respondent's cost
of production under previous staffing of the feed mill.
The initial adjustments following the layoffs involved
some overtime work, the transfer of Taylor into regular
mill work, and use of part-time employee Roney. Wolf-
kill had also written again to Donavan on 1 February
seeking consent to working union members less than the
contractual 8-hour daily guarantee, but such authoriza-
tion was never received.
C. Collyer Issue
On 14 June the Regional Director proposed deferring
to arbitration under Collyer, subject to Respondent's will-
ingness which was soon stated in a letter from its counsel
dated 21 June. Following this, deferral was confirmed
and the parties soon selected a Seattle arbitrator to hear
what was termed "the layoff of Jerry K. Williams." At
an arbitration hearing on 21 January 1985 the cases of
Bowman and Hansen were included, with the Union's at-
torney asserting the issue under submission should be
solely whether the employer violated article 11.02 of the
agreement and, if so, what remedy was appropriate. This
passage of the contract stated simply that "The Employ-
er shall not discharge or suspend any employee without
just cause." Respondent's attorney proposed that the
issue be only, "Did the company lay off Jerry Williams
because of his protected concerted activities [and] if so,
what is the appropriate remedy?" The Union countered
with an offer of permitting the arbitrator to frame the
issue for decision, but Respondent was unwilling to
accede in this and on that basis the hearing adjourned
with both parties then informing the Regional Director
of their respective positions. On 1 March 1985 the Re-
gional Director revoked his earlier deferral and issued
complaint, citing as a reason that Respondent "has re-
fused to proceed to arbitration on the underlying con-
tractual dispute herein."
Collyer, as modified by Olin Corp., 268 NLRB 573
(1984), permits controlling arbitral resolution of an unfair
labor practice issue in appropriate cases and where the
contractual issue raised by the grievance is factually par-
WOLFKILL FEED CORP.
allel to what the Board would analyze. Here the Team-
sters contract is silent on nondiscrimination language as
often found, except for its article 11.01 in ,which the up-
holding of "Union principles" is protected. Such phrase-
ology is not equivalent to statutory rights in Section 7 of
the Act, and Respondent 's insistence on a statement of
the arbitral issue, as stipulatedly described above, would
deprive the Union of its entitlement to press for broader
consideration under the "just cause" notion expressly
contained in the contract.
It is axiomatic that arbitrators have extensive authority
to apply various principles in assessing the "justness" of
adverse actions , and to resolve the threshhold question
of whether layoffs, as were here involved, constituted
"discharge" or at least a "suspen [sion]" under contract
language which the arbitrator was without authority to
alter. Respondent's action is indefensible under Collyer
for the essential reason that its narrower definition of the
issue to be arbitrated could not lead to consideration of
external matter that would be factually parallel to what
is weighed in a classic "just cause" decision.
D. Analysis of the Merits
The question is whether or not these layoffs were mo-
tivated at least in part by a retaliatory intent with respect
to the WISHA inspection . Clearly the employees har-
bored a "disgust" with abrupt closing off of their prior
access to bathroom facilities during nonstore hours and
to general comfort breaks as the winter season ap-
proached . This was actually voiced to admitted Supervi-
sor Schmitt and, although the speaker during this No-
vember episode was Taylor , it occurred in the presence
of Hansen whose attitude was unconcealed concerning
the change.
Respondent has established elaborately , through its
sales and production records, that customer cutbacks
were part of the new year 1984 and , separately, that its
newly installed plant equipment tended to permit fewer
employees to achieve productivity levels of the past.
These factors do not, however, offset timing of such un-
precedented layoffs, their depth in terms of the full-time
unionized work force nor, most importantly , the verbi-
age of Wolfkill's 19 January letter in which he plainly
"object [s]" to employees having complained in distasteful
manner to a "third party." This sentiment is directly at
odds with the statutory entitlement to undertake just
such concerted action as was here involved . 3 It is not in-
cumbent on employees who perceive such a need to
obtain advance permission "[from] management . . . or
through the union," but is instead their right to so act
and be secure from discriminatory consequences.
Besides such direct and compelling evidence of moti-
vation, the same appearance of retaliatory action would
be inferrable from the sudden transfer of Taylor into
work with which he was unfamiliar and with the awk-
ward utilization of youthful part -time employees to per-
form what these experienced individuals had done over
many years without prior interruption to service . Overall
9 Respondent 's extensive argument pertaining to application of the yet-
unreconsidered rule from Meyers Industries, 268 NLRB 493 (1984), has
been evaluated in reaching this rationale
637
there is ample, persuasive proof that, as alleged, manage-
ment reacted to the WISHA inspection by punitive lay-
offs that would not otherwise have been determined.
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
1. Wolfkill Feed & Fertilizer Corp. is an employer en-
gaged in commerce within the meaning , of Section 2(6)
and (7) of the Act.
2. General Teamsters Union, Local #38, affiliated with
the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs,
Warehousemen and Helpers of America is a labor orga-
nization within the meaning of Section 2(5) of the Act.
3. By laying off employees Donald Bowmen, Marvin
Hansen , and Jerry K. Williams, the Respondent has vio-
lated Section 8(a)(1) of the Act.
REMEDY
Having found that the Respondent has engaged in cer-
tain unfair labor practices , I find it necessary to order it
to cease and desist and to take certain affirmative action
designed to effectuate the policies of the Act.
The Respondent having discriminatorily laid off
Bowman, Hansen, and Williams, it must offer them rein-
statement and make them whole for any loss of earnings
and other benefits, computed on a quarterly basis from
dates of layoff to date of proper offer of reinstatement,
less any net interim earnings, as prescribed in F. W.
Woolworth Co., 90 NLRB 289 (1950), plus interest as
computed in Florida Steel Corp., 231 NLRB 651 (1977).
On these findings of fact and conclusions of law and
on the entire record, I issue the following recommend-
ed4
ORDER
The Respondent, Wolfkill Feed & Fertilizer Corp.,
Stanwood, Washington, its officers, agents, successors,
and assigns, shall
1. Cease and desist from
(a) Laying off any employee for engaging in protected
concerted activities for the purpose of mutual aid or pro-
tection.
(b) In any like or related manner interfering with, re-
straining, or coercing employees in the exercise of the
rights guaranteed them by Section 7 of the Act.
2. Take the following affirmative action necessary to
effectuate the policies of the Act,
(a) Offer Donald Bowman, Marvin Hansen, and Jerry
K. Williams immediate and full reinstatement to their
former jobs or, if those jobs no longer exist, to substan-
tially equivalent positions, without prejudice to their se-
niority or any other rights or privileges previously en-
joyed, and make them whole for any loss of earnings and
other benefits suffered as a result of the discrimination
against them, in the manner set forth in the remedy sec-
tion of the decision.
' If no exceptions are filed as provided by Sec 102.46 of the Board's
Rules and Regulations , the findings, conclusions , and recommended
Order shall, as provided in Sec. 102.48 of the Rules, be adopted by the
Board and all objections to them shall be deemed waived for all pur-
poses.
638 DECISIONS OF NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
(b) Remove from its files any reference to the unlawful
discharges and notify the employees in writing that this
has been done and that the discharges will not be used
against them , in any way.
(c) Preserve and, on request , make available to the
Board or its agents for examination and copying , all pay-
roll records , social security payment records , timecards,
personnel records and reports, and all other records nec-
essary to analyze the amount of backpay due under the
terms of this Order.
(d) Post at Stanwood , Washington , copies of the at-
tached notice marked "Appendix ."5 Copies of the notice,
on forms provided by the Regional Director for Region
19, after being signed by the Respondent 's authorized
representative , shall be posted by the Respondent imme-
diately upon receipt and maintained for 60 consecutive
days in conspicuous places including all places where no-
tices to employees are customarily posted. Reasonable
steps shall be taken by the Respondent to ensure that the
notices are not altered , defaced , or covered by any other
material.
(e) Notify the Regional Director in writing within 20
days from the date of this Order what steps the Re-
spondent has taken to comply.
s If this Order is enforced by a judgment of a United States court of
appeals, the words in the notice reading "Posted by Order of the Nation-
al Labor Relations Board" shall read "Posted Pursuant to a Judgment of
the United States Court of Appeals Enforcing an Order of the National
Labor Relations Board "
APPENDIX
NOTICE To EMPLOYEES
POSTED BY ORDER OF THE
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
An Agency of the United States Government
The National Labor Relations Board has found that we
violated the National Labor Relations Act and has or-
dered us to post and abide by this notice.
WE WILL NOT lay off any of you for acting together
for the purpose of mutual aid or protection.
WE WILL NOT in any like or related manner interfere
with , restrain , or coerce you in the exercise of the rights
guaranteed you by Section 7 of the Act.
WE WILL offer Donald Bowman , Marvin Hansen, and
Jerry K. Williams immediate and full reinstatement to
their former jobs or , if those jobs no longer exist, to sub-
stantially equivalent positions , without prejudice to thier
seniority or any other rights of privileges previously en-
joyed, and WE WILL make them whole for any loss of
earnings and other benefits resulting from their layoff,
less any net interim earnings , plus interest.
WE WILL notify them that we have removed from our
files any reference to layoffs and that the layoffs will not
be used against them in any way.
WOLFKILL FEED & FERTILIZER CORP.