Teamsters Local 399 (Hilltop Services Inc. at Universal City Walk)

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Jan 26, 2006

346 N.L.R.B. 322 (N.L.R.B. 2006)

DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
346 NLRB No. 32
322
Studio Transportation Drivers Local 399, Interna-
tional Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs,
Warehousemen and Helpers of America1 (Hill-
top Services, Inc. at Universal City Walk) and
Hyo Chol Lim. Case 31–CB–11179
January 26, 2006
DECISION AND ORDER
BY CHAIRMAN BATTISTA AND MEMBERS SCHAUMBER
AND WALSH
On January 6, 2004, Administrative Law Judge Jay R.
Pollack issued the attached decision. The Respondent
filed exceptions and a supporting brief, and the Charging
Party filed an answering brief.
The National Labor Relations Board has delegated its
authority in this proceeding to a three-member panel.
The Board has considered the decision and the record
in light of the exceptions and briefs and has decided to
affirm the judge’s rulings, findings, and conclusions and
to adopt the recommended Order as modified.2
ORDER
The National Labor Relations Board adopts the rec-
ommended Order of the administrative law judge as
modified below and orders that the Respondent, Studio
Transportation Drivers Local 399, International Brother-
hood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Warehousemen and
Helpers of America, Los Angeles, California, its officers,
agents, and representatives, shall take the action set forth
in the Order as modified.
1. Substitute the following for paragraph 2(a).
“(a) Recalculate the amount of dues and agency fees
owed, based on the percentage ratios between chargeable
and nonchargeable expenditures, after excluding the off-
set for liquidated damages from the total expenditures,
and pay to Hyo Chol Lim the difference between the fees
he paid under the allocation used by the Union and the
allocation as recalculated.”
2. Substitute the attached notice for that of the admin-
istrative law judge.

1 We have amended the caption to reflect the disaffiliation of the In-
ternational Brotherhood of Teamsters from the AFL–CIO effective July
25, 2005.
2 We shall modify the judge’s recommended Order to more closely
reflect his findings, which we adopt. We shall substitute a new notice
in accordance with our decision in Ishikawa Gasket America, Inc., 337
NLRB 175 (2001), enfd. 354 F.3d 534 (6th Cir. 2004).
APPENDIX
NOTICE TO MEMBERS
POSTED BY ORDER OF THE
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
An Agency of the United States Government
The National Labor Relations Board has found that we
violated Federal labor law and has ordered us to post and
obey this notice.
FEDERAL LAW GIVES YOU THE RIGHT TO
Form, join, or assist a union
Choose representatives to bargain on your behalf
with your employer
Act together with other employees for your bene-
fit and protection
Choose not to engage in any of these protected
activities.
WE WILL NOT calculate dues and fees charged to ob-
jecting financial core members in a manner not reasona-
bly designed to ensure that no portion of their fees and
dues are expended for nonrepresentational purposes.
WE WILL NOT in any like or related manner restrain or
coerce you in the exercise of the rights guaranteed you
by Section 7 of the Act.
WE WILL recalculate the amount of dues and agency
fees owed, based on the percentage ratios between
chargeable and nonchargeable expenditures, after exclud-
ing the offset for liquidated damages from the total ex-
penditures.
WE WILL make whole and pay to Hyo Chol Lim the
difference between the fees he paid under the allocation
used by the Union and the allocation as recalculated.
STUDIO TRANSPORTATION DRIVERS LOCAL 399,
INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF TEAM-
STERS, CHAUFFEURS, WAREHOUSEMEN AND
HELPERS OF AMERICA (HILLTOP SERVICES, INC.
AT UNIVERSAL CITY WALK)
Christy J. Kwon, for the General Counsel.
Robert A. Cantore, Esq. (Gilbert & Sackman), of Los Angeles,
California, for the Respondent.
John C. Scully (National Right to Work, Legal Defense Foun-
dation), of Springfield, Virginia, for the Charging Party.
DECISION
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
JAY R. POLLACK, Administrative Law Judge. I heard this
case in trial at Los Angeles, California, on November 3, 2003.
On December 26, 2002, Hyo Chol Lim filed the charge in Case
31–CB–11179 alleging that Studio Transportation Drivers Lo-
cal 399, International Brotherhood of Teamsters, AFL–CIO
(Respondent or the Union) committed certain violations of
TEAMSTERS LOCAL 399 (HILLTOP SERVICES, INC. AT UNIVERSAL CITY WALK) 323
Section 8(b)(1)(A) of the National Labor Relations Act (the
Act). On September 19, 2003, the Acting Regional Director for
Region 31 of the National Labor Relations Board (the Board)
issued a complaint and notice of hearing against Respondent.
Respondent filed a timely answer to the complaint, denying all
wrongdoing.
The parties have been afforded full opportunity to appear, to
introduce relevant evidence, to examine and cross-examine
witnesses, and to file briefs.
Upon the entire record, from my observation of the de-
meanor of the witnesses, and having considered the posthearing
briefs of the parties, I make the following
FINDINGS OF FACT AND CONCLUSIONS
I. JURISDICTION
The complaint alleges jurisdiction based on the operations of
Hilltop Services, Inc. The complaint alleges and the answer
admits that Hilltop Services, the employer of the Charging
Party Hyo Chol Lim, is an employer engaged in commerce and
in a business affecting commerce within the meaning of Section
2(6) and (7) of the Act.
The Respondent admits and I find that at all times material,
Respondent has been a labor organization within the meaning
of Section 2(5) of the Act.
II. THE ALLEGED UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES
A. Background and Issues
Charging Party Hyo Chol Lim, a nonmember of Respondent,
pays fees to Respondent pursuant to a union-security clause.
The complaint alleges that Respondent violated Section
8(b)(1)(A) by offsetting so-called liquidated damages it re-
ceived during the relevant period against nonchargeable expen-
ditures prior to determining the respective percentages of
chargeable and nonchargeable expenditures.
B. The Facts
Respondent is the exclusive bargaining representative of a
bargaining unit at Hilltop Services. Respondent and the Union
have a collective-bargaining agreement which includes a union-
security provision that requires all bargaining unit employees to
either join the Union and pay membership dues or pay an
agency fee. Lim, a member of the Hilltop Services bargaining
unit, pays agency fees to Respondent pursuant to the union-
security clause. Lim notified Respondent, on April 1, 2002,
that he objected to the collection and expenditure by the Union
of a fee for any purpose other than his prorata share of the cost
of collective bargaining, contract administration, and grievance
adjustment.
On April 9, 2002, the Union sent Lim a letter that stated that
liquidated damage awards that the Union obtained were used to
offset all nonchargeable expenses and his fee would therefore
equal union dues. These liquidated damages were damages that
Respondent obtained from employers other than Hilltop Ser-
vices due to certain hiring provisions. Respondent’s collective-
bargaining agreement with Hilltop Services does not contain
the hiring hall provisions, which were involved in the arbitra-
tions that resulted in the damage awards to the Union. The
Union expends some unidentifiable amounts of money it col-
lects pursuant to the union-security provisions in its contracts to
collect the liquidated damages. For example, the Union uses its
general fund to pay the fees of attorneys and the salaries of
business agents who arbitrate and collect these liquidated dam-
ages.
In a letter dated October 15, 2002, the Union’s attorney pro-
vided Lim with an auditor’s report and a breakdown of the
agency fee into chargeable and nonchargeable categories. The
breakdown used the liquidated damages to offset most, but not
all, of the nonchargeable expenditures.1 The agency fee was
calculated to equal 99.63 percent of union dues. Prior to the
offset of liquidated damages, representational expenses were
98.81 percent of total expenses. Thus, if the liquated damages
were apportioned, the agency fee would have been 98.81 per-
cent of union dues.
C. Analysis and Conclusions
Section 8(b)(1)(A) of the Act provides that it shall be an un-
fair labor practice for a labor organization “to restrain or coerce
. . . employees in the exercise of the rights guaranteed in Sec-
tion 7 of the Act.” The proviso to Section 8(b)(1)(A) states that
the section “shall not impair the right of a labor organization to
prescribe its own rules with respect to the acquisition or reten-
tion of membership therein.”
In Communications Workers v. Beck, 487 U.S. 735 (1988),
the United States Supreme Court held that the financial core
membership does not include the obligation to support union
activities beyond those germane to collective bargaining, con-
tract administration, and grievance administration. The Court
held that Congress authorized compulsory unionism only to the
extent necessary to ensure that those who enjoy union-
negotiated benefits contribute to their cost. Id. at 476. Thus,
the Court held that Section 8(a)(3) of the Act, “authorizes the
exaction of only those fees and dues necessary to ‘performing
the duties of an exclusive representative of the employees in
dealing with the employer on labor-management issues.’”
Beck, 487 U.S. at 762–763, those are only such fees and dues as
are “germane to representational activities,” those which fi-
nance and defray the costs of collective bargaining, and are
“necessarily or reasonably incurred for the purpose of perform-
ing the duties of an exclusive [bargaining] representative.”
Beck, 487 U.S. at 752, 759, and 763.
In Ellis v. Railway Clerks, 466 U.S. 435 (1984), the Court
stated “when employees . . . object to being burdened with
particular union expenditures, the test must be whether the
challenged expenditures are necessarily or reasonably incurred
for the purpose of performing the duties of an exclusive repre-
sentative of the employees in dealing with the employer on
labor-management issues.” Under this standard, objecting em-
ployees may be compelled to pay their fair share of not only the
direct costs of negotiating and administering a collective-
bargaining contract and settling grievances and disputes, but

1 Respondent’s total expenses for the year ending December 31,
2001, were $3,231,538. Nonrepresentational expenses were $36,484.
The Union offset $26,705 in liquidated damages (the entire amount of
liquidated damages received) against these nonrepresentational ex-
penses. No liquidated damages were offset against the representational
expenses of $3,193,054.
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD324
also the expenses of activities or undertakings normally or rea-
sonably employed to implement or effectuate the duties of the
union as exclusive representative of the employees in the bar-
gaining unit.
In Teachers AFT Local 1 v. Hudson, 476 U.S. 292 (1986),
the Court addressed the question of what information a union
must provide, and what procedures it must adopt, to protect the
constitutional rights of objecting fee payers (therein, public
employees under a State-sanctioned agency shop agreement).
The Court held that a union need not provide nonmembers with
an exhaustive and detailed list of all its expenditures, but ade-
quate disclosure surely would include the major categories of
expenses, as well as verification by an independent auditor.
[476 U.S. at 7 fn. 18.]
In Teamsters Local 618 (Chevron Chemical Co.), 326 NLRB
301, 302 (1998), the respondent-union offset interest and divi-
dend income against nonchargeable expenditures prior to de-
termining the respective percentages of chargeable and non-
chargeable expenditures. The Board held as follows:
The complaint also alleges that the Respondent vio-
lated Section 8(b)(1)(A) by offsetting interest and dividend
income it received during the relevant period against non-
chargeable expenditures prior to determining the respec-
tive percentages of chargeable and nonchargeable expen-
ditures. The General Counsel contends that the Respon-
dent has used this offset to overstate the chargeable per-
centage that it has assessed objectors. The judge dis-
missed the allegation, stating that, because the income at
issue was derived from assets belonging to the Union (i.e.,
the members), the Respondent had no obligation to share
the benefit of these assets with Reed, a nonmember, in
formulating its chargeability allocation. Accordingly, the
judge found that the offset did not breach the Respon-
dent’s duty of fair representation and recommended dis-
missal of this complaint allegation. We reverse[.]
Our difference with the judge is essentially a factual
one. The judge stated that the interest and dividend in-
come represented “assets belonging to the Union (i.e., its
members).” However, there is no evidence in the record
to support a finding that the interest and dividend income
was generated solely from funds (or assets purchased with
funds) other than dues and fees for representational ser-
vices exacted equally from all unit employees, including
objectors, pursuant to the union-security clause. In the ab-
sence of such a showing, we are unable to conclude that
the methodology used by the Respondent to calculate the
fees charged to objectors was reasonably designed to en-
sure that objectors were required to pay only their “fair
share” of the Union’s representational expenses, and that
no portion of the fees they were charged would be ex-
pended for nonrepresentational activities. Accordingly,
we find that the Respondent violated Section 8(b)(1)(A).
Applying the above principles to the facts of this case, Re-
spondent incurred chargeable expenses (salaries of business
agents and attorney fees) in enforcing its collective-bargaining
agreements and obtaining the “liquated damages” at issue
herein. The Charging Party paid a proportionate share of these
expenses. However, under Respondent’s allocation of the liq-
uidated damages, Lim, an objector, obtained no benefit from
the liquidated damages obtained by the Respondent-Union.
The record contains no evidence to permit tracking of the mon-
eys obtained as liquated damages. It appears unreasonable not
to allocate at least some of this revenue to chargeable expenses.
Thus, I find, in accordance with Teamsters Local 618 (Chevron
Chemical Co.), supra, that the methodology used by the Union
was not reasonably designed to ensure that objectors were re-
quired to pay only their fair share of representational expenses.
Accordingly, I find that Respondent violated Section 8(b)(1)(A)
of the Act.
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
1. Hilltop Services Inc. at Universal City Walk is an em-
ployer engaged in commerce within the meaning of Section
2(2), (6), and (7) of the Act.
2. Respondent, Studio Transportation Drivers Local 399, In-
ternational Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Ware-
housemen and Helpers of America, AFL–CIO, is a labor or-
ganization within the meaning of Section 2(5) of the Act.
3. Respondent violated Section 8(b)(1)(A) of the Act by cal-
culating dues and fees charged to objecting financial core mem-
bers in a manner not reasonably calculated to ensure that no
portion of their fees and dues are expended for nonrepresenta-
tional purposes.
4. Respondent’s acts and conduct above constitute unfair la-
bor practices affecting commerce within the meaning of Sec-
tion 2(6) and (7) of the Act.
THE REMEDY
Having found that Respondent engaged in unfair labor prac-
tices, I recommend that Respondent be ordered to cease and
desist therefrom and take certain affirmative action designed to
effectuate the policies of the Act.
On these findings of fact and conclusions of law and on the
entire record, and pursuant to Section 10(c) of the Act I issue the
following recommended2
ORDER
The Respondent, Studio Transportation Drivers Local 399,
International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Chauffeurs, Ware-
housemen and Helpers of America, Los Angeles, California, its
officers, agents, and representatives, shall
1. Cease and desist from
(a) Calculating dues and fees charged to objecting financial
core members in a manner not reasonably designed to ensure
that no portion of their fees and dues are expended for nonrep-
resentational purposes.
(b) In any like or related manner, restraining, or coercing
employees in the exercise of the rights guaranteed them by
Section 7 of the Act.

2 If no exceptions are filed as provided by Sec. 102.46 of the Board’s
Rules and Regulations, the findings, conclusions, and recommended
Order shall, as provided in Sec. 102.48 of the Rules, be adopted by the
Board and all objections to them shall be deemed waived for all pur-
poses.
TEAMSTERS LOCAL 399 (HILLTOP SERVICES, INC. AT UNIVERSAL CITY WALK) 325
2. Take the following affirmative action necessary to effec-
tuate the policies of the Act.
(a) Recalculate the percentage ratios between chargeable and
nonchargeable expenditures, after excluding the offset for liq-
uidated damages, and pay to Hyo Chol Lim the difference be-
tween the fees he paid under the allocation used by the Union
and the allocation as recalculated.
(b) Preserve and within 14 days of a request, make available
to the Board or its agents for examination and copying, all re-
cords and reports necessary to analyze the amount of rebated
fees due under the terms of this Order.
(c) Within 14 days after service by the Region, post at its un-
ion office in Los Angeles, California, copies of the attached
notice marked “Appendix.”3 Copies of the notice, on forms

3 If this Order is enforced by a judgment of a United States court of
appeals, the words in the notice reading “Posted by Order of the Na-
provided by the Regional Director for Region 31, after being
signed by the Respondent’s authorized representative, shall be
posted by the Respondent immediately upon receipt and main-
tained for 60 consecutive days in conspicuous places including
all places where notices to members are customarily posted.
Reasonable steps shall be taken by the Respondent to ensure
that the notices are not altered, defaced, or covered by any other
material.
(d) Within 21 days after service by the Region, file with the
Regional Director of Region 31 a sworn certificate attesting to
the steps that the Respondent has taken to comply.

tional Labor Relations Board” shall read “Posted Pursuant to a Judg-
ment of the United States Court of Appeals Enforcing an Order of the
National Labor Relations Board.”