St. Joe Minerals Corp.

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Jun 15, 1989

295 N.L.R.B. 517 (N.L.R.B. 1989)

ST. JOE MINERALS CORP. 517
St. Joe Minerals Corporation and David LaPlatney,
Petitioner and United Steelworkers of America,
AFL-CIO-CLC and Local Union 3701 . Case 3-
RD-903
June 15, 1989
DECISION AND DIRECTION
BY CHAIRMAN STEPHENS AND MEMBERS
JOHANSEN AND HIGGINS
The National Labor Relations Board, by a three-
member panel , has considered an objection and de-
terminative challenges in an election held on July
17, 1986, and the attached decision and report of
Administrative Law Judge David L. Evans recom-
mending disposition of them. The election was con-
ducted pursuant to a Decision and Direction of
Election issued by the Regional Director for
Region 3 . All of the 317 ballots cast in the election
were challenged.
The Board has reviewed the record in light of
the exceptions ' and briefs , and has adopted the
judge 's findings2 and recommendations to the
extent consistent with this decision.
The judge found, and we agree, that during an
economic strike that the Union conducted against
the Employer , a reorganization of the Employer's
mining operations resulted in the elimination of
over 200 unit positions. We further agree that the
elimination of these jobs was predicated on valid
economic reasons that were unrelated to the strike
and permanently contracted the bargaining unit to
70 positions. Consequently, the number of strikers
who retained their voting eligibility in the contract-
ed unit is limited to a maximum of 70.3
' There are no exceptions to the judge 's recommendation to overrule
the Union 's objection to the results of the election.
On May 7 , 1987, the Union filed a motion for leave to file a supple-
mental brief in support of its exceptions and requested the Board to take
administrative notice of published reports that the Respondent may be
sold, as well as pending Federal trade legislation that the Union alleges is
relevant to the unit contraction issue On August 21 , 1987, the Union
moved to file a second supplemental brief to inform the Board that the
sale of the Respondent was imminent , and requested that the Board delay
its decision until the consummation of the sale in order to permit the ef-
fects of the sale to be taken fully into account . We deny the Union's mo-
tions as the evidence proffered would not affect our determination of the
eligibility of unit employees at the time of the election.
2 The Union has excepted to some of the judge 's credibility findings.
The Board 's established policy is not to overrule an administrative law
judge's credibility resolutions unless the clear preponderance of all the
relevant evidence convinces us that they are incorrect . Standard Dry
Wall Products, 91 NLRB 544 (1950), enfd 188 F . 2d 362 (3d Cir 1951)
We have carefully examined the record and find no basis for reversing
the findings.
The judge mistakenly stated that the price of slab zinc at the time of
the hearing was 51 cents per pound rather then 45 cents per pound He
also mistakenly stated that the number of surface employees in the pre-
strike work force was 20 rather than 65 . These errors do not affect our
decision
a See , e.g., Lamb-Grays Harbor Ca, 295 NLRB No. 40 (June 15 , 1989).
By stipulation of the parties at the hearing, it was
agreed that in the election conducted 1 week
before the anniversary date of the strike, the 35
former strikers who crossed the picket line to
return to work (crossovers) and the 21 employees
transferred from outside the unit as permanent re-
placements for striking employees (transferees)
were eligible to vote. There are no exceptions to
the judge 's finding that , insofar as 14 positions in
the contracted unit remained unfilled at the time of
the election, 14 senior strikers whose ballots were
challenged were eligible to vote. There are also no
exceptions to the judge's finding that 21 additional
senior strikers who had effectively been permanent-
ly replaced by the 21 transferees were eligible to
vote.4
An issue to be decided in this case is whether
under Section 9(c)(3) of the Act, the presence of
the 35 crossovers who abandoned the strike and re-
turned to work extinguished the voting rights of a
corresponding number of the next senior employees
who remained on strike. The judge held that it did,
stating that the guaranty of voting rights to re-
placed strikers in Section 9(c)(3) "has only been
held to apply to the circumstances where employ-
ees hired during a strike as permanent replacements
were not bargaining unit members at the beginning
of the strike involved." He rejected, therefore, the
Union's position that the existence of the cross-
overs preserved voting rights, on a one-for-one
basis, in those who remained on strike . We disagree
with the judge's rationale on this issue.
Section 9(c)(3) states in relevant part that "em-
ployees engaged in an economic strike who are not
entitled to reinstatement shall be eligible to vote
. .. in any election conducted within 12 months
after the commencement of the strike." By its own
terms, the provision preserves full voting rights to
strikers who are not entitled to reinstatement. As
the judge correctly noted, the Board has construed
this section and its legislative history to mean that
permanently replaced strikers generally retain their
right to vote in an election conducted within 12
months after the commencement of an economic
strike.5 We find nothing in the language or legisla-
tive history of this section, and the judge cites no
authority, to support his conclusion that this right
is forfeited when replacement is accomplished with
4 See the discussion in fn. 8 below. Based on the seniority list of strik-
ing employees , the judge should have included Paul F Burns as a
member of this group , even though Bums did not cast a vote in the elec-
tion . Robert E Church, the striker with the least seniority in the group
of 21 replaced stokers listed in fn 8 of the judge 's Decision , should
therefore not have been included. He remains eligible and his ballot shall
be opened and counted, however , as a result of our finding below that 16
additional strikers were eligible to vote.
5 W Wilton Wood, Inc., 127 NLRB 1675, 1677 ( 1960).
295 NLRB No. 59
518 DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
bargaining unit personnel . Accordingly , we hold
that all replaced strikers, regardless of whether
they were replaced by unit or nonunit employees,
remain eligible to vote for 1 year after the strike
begins.
A secondary issue raised by this case is whether
a continuing striker is "replaced" for voting eligi-
bility purposes under Section 9(c)(3) when a cross-
over striker returns to his or her former job. The
parties stipulated at the hearing that 19 of the 35
crossovers returned to the same or substantially
similar job that they held prior to the strike.6 In
our view , those employees who returned to their
former or substantially similar jobs did not replace
any of the employees who remained on strike.
Their status is most closely comparable to those 14
senior striking employees who "fill" for voting eli-
gibility purposes the 14 vacant positions in the con-
tracted unit . No other strikers can maintain a con-
tinuing claim to voting eligibility vis-a-vis those po-
sitions .7 On the other hand , the status of the re-
maining 16 crossovers who returned to jobs differ-
ent from those they held before the strike is similar
to that of a new hire or nonunit transferee specifi-
cally hired as a permanent replacement to fill the
position left open by a continuing striker . As such,
16 additional senior strikers replaced by the cross-
overs retained their voting eligibility . Accordingly,
we shall order that the ballots cast by any of these
eligible striking employees be opened and count-
ed.8
° These employees are George E. Allen, Kenneth E. Allen; Donald W.
Bigelow ; Walter J . Clement ; Herbert C. Finley Jr.; Lauren A. Finley;
Larry J . Folsom ; Peter L . George; Robert P . Morehouse ; Albert P. Me-
lisko; Michael S . Otto ; Michael I. Porter ; Alton P . Stowell, Douglas F.
Walroth; David W. Whitford ; William P. Whitaker ; Chris W Weller;
William E . Vatter Jr .; and Algie R. Youngs.
° We emphasize that economic strikers ' voting eligibility rights are
governed by the Board 's interpretation of Sec . 9(cX3) and are independ-
ent of reinstatement rights as defined by Laidlaw Corp., 171 NLRB 1366
(1968), enfd 414 F.2d 99 (7th Cir 1969). E g, Eck Miller Transportation
Corp., 211 NLRB 251, 253 (1974)
Moreover , we note that our holding here with respect to the voting
eligibility rights of crossovers and strikers does not conflict with the Su-
preme Court 's discussion of the relative job retention rights of those two
groups under both the Railway Labor Act and the National Labor Rela-
tions Act in TWA, Inc. v. Flight Attendants, 109 S.Ct . 1225 (1989).
° We note that the parties stipulated to the names of 19 strikers who
would not be eligible to have their votes opened and counted if the
Board found , as we have , that there was no corresponding striker eligibil-
ity with respect to the 19 crossovers returning to the same or substantial-
ly the same jobs This stipulation does not , however, follow the seniority
list elsewhere urged by the Union and relied on by the judge without
subsequent exception as the appropriate determinant of the order of strik-
er eligibility . Further , the stipulation of 19 possibly ineligible strikers in-
cludes the names of 8 individuals who the judge found , again without
subsequent exception , were eligible to vote on the basis of seniority in the
group of 21 permanently replaced strikers . Accordingly, in determining
those additional strikers eligible to vote as a result of our decision, we
shall disregard the aforementioned stipulation and follow the seniority
list.
The 16 additional strikers eligible to vote are Robert E. Church, David
A. Doiron ; Thomas J . Sullivan Sr.; William J. Finnie; Alan H. Durham;
Charles D . Given ; Lane G . Weaver; Robert D. Hendrick ; Richard A.
DIRECTION
The case is remanded to the Regional Director
for Region 3 who shall, within 10 days from the
date of this Decision and Direction , open and
count the ballots of 91 employees as recommended
by the administrative law judge in his decision and
report.9 In addition to the aforesaid 91 ballots, the
Regional Director shall open and count the ballots
of Robert E. Church; Thomas J. Sullivan Sr.; Wil-
liam J. Finnie; Alan H. Durham ; Charles D. Given;
Lane G. Weaver; Robert W. Ford; Ronald K.
Woodard; Robert B. Curtis; James L. Waugh;
Robert D. Allen; Ray L. Parker; and Harold C.
Durham . The Regional Director shall thereafter
prepare a revised tally of ballots and, based on the
tally, issue an appropriate certification.
Soto ; Robert W. Ford; Ronald K. Woodard; Robert B. Curtis , James L
Waugh, Robert D. Allen; Ray L. Parker ; and Harold C Durham.
Doiron , Hendrick, and Soto did not vote.
° In listing the names of eligible voters , the judge mistakenly identified
junior strikers Kenneth A. Richards and Jerry A. LaRock. The seniority
list indicates that the correct names of eligible senior strikers are Kenneth
B. Richards and Donald V. LaRock.
Paul J. Schrader, Jr., Esq. (Bryan Cave, McPheeters &
McRoberts), of St . Louis, Missouri , for the Employer.
E. Joseph Giroux, Esq., of Buffalo, New York, for the
Union.
DECISION AND REPORT ON OBJECTIONS
TO ELECTION AND CHALLENGES
DAVID L. EVANS, Administrative Law Judge. On 27
June 1986, pursuant to a Decision and Direction of Elec-
tion issued by the Regional Director, National Labor Re-
lations Board , Region 3, an election by secret ballot was
conducted on 17 July in the following appropriate col-
lective-bargaining unit:
All production and maintenance employees em-
ployed by the Employer at its Balmat and Pierre-
pont, New York , mines, excluding all salaried em-
ployees, office clerical employees , professional em-
ployees, guards and supervisors as defined in the
Act.
The Tally of Ballots served upon the parties on 19
August reflected the following results:
Approximate number of eligible voters-364
Void ballots-0
Votes cast for United Steelworkers of America,
AFL-CIO, CLC and its Local Union 3701-0
Votes cast against participating labor organization-
0
Challenged ballots-317
Valid votes counted plus challenged ballots-317
Therefore , the challenges were sufficient in number to
affect the results of the election.
ST. JOE MINERALS CORP. 519
At the conclusion of the election all ballots were im-
pounded pursuant to a specific provision of the Decision
and Direction of Election which allowed time for the
final disposition of a then -pending related unfair labor
practice charge and which further allowed time for
review of the Decision and Direction of Election if re-
quested and granted . The impoundage was lifted by
order dated 13 August.
On 25 August the Union timely filed an objection to
the conduct of the election and to conduct affecting the
results of the election.
Thereafter, on 26 September , the Regional Director
for Region 3, on behalf of the Board , issued an order di-
recting hearing and notice of hearing . Attached thereto
was a copy of the Union' s objection . Also attached as
appendices were listings, by categories, of employees
whose ballots were challenged.
Pursuant to the direction , I conducted a hearing in
Syracuse, New York, on 15, 16, 23, and 24 October 1986.
Appearances were made by the Employer and the
Union, but not by the Petitioner . The Union filed a brief;
the Employer filed a brief and reply brief as permitted
by order issued at hearing . These briefs have been duly
considered.
The Objection
The objection filed by the Union states:
The designated observers of the Employer, St.
Joe Minerals Corporation, were management em-
ployees with supervisory authority within the mean-
ing of the National Labor Relation Act whose pres-
ence at the polling place during voting and in the
official capacity as an observer was designed to
have an undue influence on voters and had an
undue influence on voters.
The Employer's observers were Charles Bridge and
Norman Young . In its brief the Union argues that Bridge
was a supervisor within Section 2(11) of the Act. No
such contention is made as to Young, but the Union
argues that both Young and Bridge "are closely identi-
fied with the Employer." Section 2(11) of the Act pro-
vides as follows:
The term "supervisor" means any individual
having authority , in the interest of the employer, to
hire, transfer , suspend, lay off, recall, promote, dis-
charge, assign , reward , or discipline other employ-
ees, or responsibly to direct them , or to adjust their
grievances, or effectively to recommend such
action, if in connection with the foregoing the exer-
cise of such authority is not of a merely routine or
clerical nature, but requires the use of independent
judgment.
As for Young , a safety engineer in the Employer's un-
derground zinc mines, the Union argues that he has the
authority "to settle grievances and discipline employees
in the safety area." (Br. at 22-23.) None of the other in-
dicia of supervisory status enumerated by Section 2(11)
are referred to by the Union.
The Union called only Lester Simmons to testify in
support of the objections. Simmons, at the time of the
hearing , was an organizer for the Union and had been
employed as such since March 1985 . For the 3 years pre-
ceding that month he was employed by the Employer as
a miner and was president of the Local Union. Simmons
testified that, in his capacity as the Local's president, he
also functioned as the Union's safety representative. As
such he performed mine inspections with Bridge at
monthly and yearly intervals and further exercised
"walk-around" inspection rights with Bridge pursuant to
provisions of the Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977.
Simmons testified that he treated Bridge as a supervisor
and, on one occasion:
I asked him , could he reprimand someone for a
safety infraction , and he said he could, he had the
authority to do that.
On cross-examination , Simmons could give no further
details of this exchange with Bridge , such as a date or
other circumstances . Simmons further testified that two
personnel directors , who are no longer employed by the
Employer, told him that Bridge "had full authority as su-
pervisor." Again, Simmons could give no date or other
meaningful particulars as to the circumstances of these
statements.
Finally, Simmons testified that in one grievance meet-
ing Bridge stated that a certain employee "deserved
some discipline for his actions ." There is no evidence of
what the grievance was about , or that the employee re-
ceived any discipline , or that the Employer ever consid-
ered discipline of the employee for the "actions" to
which Simmons generally referred , or that the Employ-
er, or anyone else , considered Bridge's statement to be a
recommendation upon which the Employer could possi-
bily have acted.
Bridge's job description was entered into evidence.
The Union argues that the description "indicates indirect
supervision of bargaining unit employees." (Br. at 23.)
The Union cites no provision of the job description
which would lead to that conclusion and there is no
other support in the record for this contention. Specifi-
cally, the job description does not relate that any em-
ployees report to Bridge for any aspect of the employ-
ment relationship , and there is no other record evidence
that any employees reported to Bridge.
There is no evidence that Young has ever performed
any functions within the ambit of Section 2 (11) of the
Act. The only testimony offered in support of the
Union 's objections based on Young's serving as an ob-
server was , again, that of Simmons . Simmons, again, tes-
tified that a former personnel director had once told him
that Young was a "supervisor." Again , however, Sim-
mons could give no meaningful details of the statement,
such as a date.
Simmons' testimony of what prior personnel directors
had said was presented as admissions against interest by
the Employer . The statements by the prior personnel di-
rectors were necessarily made in the 3-year period prior
to Simmons ' quitting in March 1985 . Therefore, they
were made at least 1 year and 4 months , and as much as
520 DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
4 years and 4 months , before the election . Assuming that
the statements were binding and conclusive admissions
against interest at that time , there is no evidence that the
authority on which the alleged admissions were premised
were still possessed by Bridge and Young at the time of
the election . Moreover , the "discussions" were presented
in a nearly perfect logical vacuum , almost totally devoid
of any element upon which credibility could be exam-
ined . Therefore, I find that the Employer has made no
binding admission that either Bridge or Young were su-
pervisors within the meaning of Section 2(11) of the Act.
Since there has been presented no other evidence that
either Young or Bridge were ever invested with any of
the authorities enumerated in Section 2(11) of the Act,
and no evidence that either is so closely identified with
the Employer that the employees would believe that
they functioned as an arm of management , ' I find and
conclude that the Union has failed to support its Objec-
tion, and I recommend that the objection be overruled.
The Challenges
For many years the Union has represented the surface
and underground employees employed by the Employer
at its Balmat and Pirrepont mines in upper New York
State . (These mines are commonly referred to, collec-
tively, as the Balmat mines .) Negotiations for a renewal
contract began in May 1985. When no agreement was
reached by 22 July 1985 the employees began an eco-
nomic strike which has continued through the dates of
the 17 July 1986 election and the October 1986, hearing
herein . During the strike the Employer has hired no new
personnel . In October 1985, the Employer began chang-
ing the status of certain supervisors and other nonunit
personnel ; they were given certain jobs which had been
held by bargaining unit personnel before the strike
began . These individuals, of whom there were 21 still
employed at the time of the election , were told that they
were being permanently transferred to the unit and, at
the hearing , the Union agreed that the "transferees"
were permanent replacements who were entitled to
vote.2
In January 1986, some striking unit employees began
to cross the picket lines and return to work to the same
job or to jobs substantially equivalent to those' they held
before the strike ; there were 35 of these "returnees" still
employed at the time of the election, and the parties are
in agreement that these employees are entitled to vote.3
i Cf. River Manor Health Facility, 224 NLRB 227 (1976), enfd. 559
F.2d 1204 (2d Cir 1977).
2 These eligible employees are. Robert G Baderman ; Charles H.
Fuller; Richard Lumley, William M. Baker ; Robert W Gonyea , Rosalie
D. Munger, David W . Bigelow ; Barbara Halladay ; David R Nace; Ralph
M. Demel; Ricky L Hance ; David C . Roberts; Wayne I Denesha, James
P. Hanratty ; Leland D. Ryan ; William A Farr ; Cynthia H . June; James
P. Wranesh ; Karl E. French , Jon W . Kennedy , Laurel L . Finley
3 These eligible employees are. Darrell E Allen; Larry J. Folsom;
Thomas H. Sleeman , George E . Allen; Peter L. George, Roy K Smith;
Kenneth E . Allen, Ivan C Gordon , Roy C Stone ; Donald A Baker;
Daniel L . House; Alton P . Stowell ; David B Bancroft , Royal J . Ingram;
William E . Vatter; Donald W. Bigelow, James J. Lasher ; Douglas F.
Walroth ; Cortland J . Bridge ; Daniel L. Losey ; Chris W . Weller; Walter
J. Clement , Robert P. Morehouse ; Robert Whitaker , Carl B Creighton,
Albert J. Melisko; William P . Whitaker; Herbert C . Finley, Jr; Michael
At the hearing the Employer contended that the bar-
gaining unit has permanently contracted to a comple-
ment of 70 employees , and further contended that all but
14 of the 70 jobs for these employees been filled by per-
manent replacements . The Union disputes the assertion
that the unit has contracted to 70 employees. Alterna-
tively, the Union asserts that, even if the unit has so per-
manently contracted , the 14 senior employees who had
continued striking were entitled to vote because the Em-
ployer admits that it had replaced only 56 strikers by the
election date . (A stipulated seniority list was received in
evidence .) The Employer agrees that 14 additional em-
ployees were eligible to vote, but it disputes that the de-
termination of which employees properly compose this
group should be made on the basis of seniority . The Em-
ployer contends that the group entitled to vote because
the Employer had not filled 14 of the 70 jobs remaining
(under its theory of a contracted unit) should be held to
be composed of 2 employees who returned to work be-
tween the election eligibility date and the date of the
election and 10 employees who returned to work be-
tween the date of the election and date of the hearing
herein , and the final 2 employees in this group should be
selected from the stipulated seniority list. Further, the
Employer argues that the determination of which em-
ployees compose this group of 14 eligible employees
should be made on the basis of status alone, regardless of
whether the employees included attempted to vote.
These contentions of the Employer have been considered
seriously, but they may be rejected without benefit of
protracted discussion . The Employer cites no authority
for its position except a case dealing with recall rights
after an offer to return to work from strike has been
made, a circumstance far removed from anything in-
volved herein . The Board law, as approved repeatedly
by the courts, is that unreplaced strikers who appear to
vote and are challenged are eligible to vote on the basis
of seniority;4' the fact that a former striker has returned
to work after the election eligibility date has never been
held to be a relevant consideration . Therefore, I con-
clude that the 14 senior striking employees whose ballots
were challenged were eligible to vote.5
Appendix A to the notice of hearing contains the
names of 261 employees who were challenged by the
Board agent conducting the election because their names
were not included on the election eligibility list submit-
ted by the Employer. Apparently the Employer did not
include their names on the eligibility list because they
had not returned from strike by the eligibility date or be-
cause their jobs had been abolished, as the Employer
contends herein . The 14 employees named in footnote 5
S. Otto, David W. Whitford; Herbert C. Finley , Sr; Howard L Paige,
Algie R. Youngs; Lauren A. Finley , Michael I . Porter.
* Pipe Machinery Co, 76 NLRB 247 (1948) (striker and replacement eli-
gibility questions are to be determined through the challenged ballot pro-
cedure); K & W Trucking Ca, 267 NLRB 68, 69 (1983) ("most senior
striking . employees" were eligible).
5 These eligible employees are. William D. Bowman ; Richard F. Sham-
pine ; Edward W. Hooper, Cyrus W Weller, Bernard A. Stevens ; Casmir
R. Roe; Holis E . Cornell; Ernest K. Brown , Percy J. Woods; Raymond
V. Card; Gerald D Thornton; Lloyd W. Walrath; Alton D Gibson;
Kenneth A . Richards
ST. JOE MINERALS CORP. 521
above are included in this list; their eligibility has been
determined above; therefore , the eligibility of the remain-
ing 247 employees listed on Appendix A are to be fur-
ther determined herein.6
Section 9(c)(3) of the Act provides, in relevant part,
that:
Employees engaged in an economic strike who are
not entitled to reinstatement shall be eligible to vote
under such regulations as the Board shall find are
consistent with the purposes and provisions of this
Act in any election conducted within 12 months
after the commencement of the strike.
This section has been consistently interpreted to mean
that, in elections conducted within 12 months of the in-
ception of an economic strike (as here ) striking employ-
ees retain their right to vote, even if they had been per-
manently replaced by the Employer involved.?
It is undisputed that the Employer permanently re-
placed 21 employees with former supervisors or other
nonbargaining unit personnel , the transferees . Therefore,
a right to vote was held for 1 year from the inception of
the strike by the 21 senior striking employees who were
immediately junior to those listed in footnote 5, and their
ballots should be opened and counted.8
The Union contends that the 35 strikers who returned
to work by the eligibility date (the "returnees") should
be treated as permanent replacements , the existence of
whom, under Section 9(c)(3) of the Act, creates voting
rights, on a one-for-one basis , in the strikers who had not
returned . Section 9(c)(3) has never been so interpreted.
Although citing no authority for its position , the Union
argues, at its brief, page 20:
The dispute centers upon the 35 striking employ-
ees who returned to work. The Employer has char-
acterized those employees as permanent replace-
ments . At least seventeen ( 17) of these employees
returned to jobs other than those they held at the
start of the strike . Each of these employees was
promised that he would be treated as a permanent
replacement and would not be laid off in the event
of a strike settlement even if there were more senior
employees who had previously filled those jobs.
Under the circumstances of this case, the thirty-
five (35) returning employees should be treated, for
purposes of Section 9(c)(3), as permanent replace-
0 Also attached to the notice of hearing were Appendices B and C.
The 56 employees listed thereupon were challenged by the Union on the
stated bases that they were either temporary strike replacements or super-
visors within Sec. 2( 11) of the Act. The Union withdrew these challenges
at the hearing . This fact does not affect the number of challenges yet to
be determined herein as all employees listed on Appendices B and C fall
into the categories discussed , and found eligible , in in . 2, 3, or 5 , above.
7 W. Wilton Wood Inc., 127 NLRB 1675 (1960); Kingsport Press Inc.,
146 NLRB 1111 (1964), see also 105 Cong . Rec 6396 (1959)
8 These eligible employees are- Francis J. Mousaw , Jr; Howard A.
Newcombe ; Robert R. Hooper , Russell P . Clintsman ; Everett A Flem-
ing; Charles H. Reynolds ; Jerry A. LaRock ; Raymond 0 . Moon ; William
E. Isereau ; Henry N McCready ; Richard J . Hartle; Joel E. Reynolds;
Gordon H. Hamilton , Dwight A . Knowlton; Gerald E . McIntosh; Law-
rence E . Woodrow ; Charles A. Shampme; Kenneth W. Denesha; Erwin
J. Hamilton ; Eugene D. Morrow ; Robert E . Church.
ments . Such a decision would indeed effectuate the
purposes of the Act since there are striking employ-
ees who were replaced by those employees. Indeed
striking employees , upon a strike settlement, may,
depending upon the terms of that settlement , return
to those jobs.
Congress , the Board and the Courts have indicat-
ed that the purpose of Section 9 (c)(3) is to avoid
"union busting," which would occur by disenfran-
chising strikers whose jobs have been filled by
others . Permitting striking employees to vote where
their jobs have been filled by less senior employees
or employees from other jobs who have returned to
work would effectuate this purpose of the Act.
It is true that upon their return from strike the Employer
told the returnees that they were considered "permanent
replacements." The Employer told the returnees this be-
cause it was then promising that it would not bargain
away their rights to the jobs in which they were then
being placed in the event of a later strike settlement
agreement, even if those who returned pursuant to a
strike settlement agreement had greater seniority. How-
ever, as the quoted Union argument recognizes, despite
the assurances given to the employees , future strike set-
tlement agreements may well displace the returnees from
their current jobs. Additionally, although the Employer
did use the term "permanent replacement" in describing
to the returnees their new status this is not the same use
of the term as envisioned by the statute or discussed in
any Board or court cases on the topic . Section 9(c)(3)
has only been held to apply to the circumstance where
employees hired during a strike as permanent replace-
ments were not bargaining unit members at the beginning
of the strike involved.
Therefore, I reject the position of the Union that the
existence of returnees created voting rights in those who
were still striking at the election eligibility date.
The above findings establish the eligibility of 56 em-
ployees who were working at the time of the election
(transferees and returnees), 14 senior striking employees
(whose eligibility existed because at least that many jobs
existed for which there had been no permanent replace-
ments hired ), and 21 employees for whom eligibility ex-
isted by operation of Section 9(c)(3) because , at their
time of the election, there had been 21 permanent re-
placement employees (the transferees) employed the Em-
ployer. The Employer contends that no more than these
91 voters are eligible because the jobs of all remaining
strikers had been abolished . The Union denies that any
jobs have been permanently abolished ; alternatively it
contends that, even if some jobs have been abolished, it
is not the great number argued by the Employer.
At the time the strike began on 22 July 1985, approxi-
mately 310 employees were employed at the Balmat
mines. These mines are composed of the Pierrepont mine
and the Balmat mines which are called Nos . 2, 3, and 4.
The Pierrepont mine contains a higher grade ore than
that of the Balmat mines. The mouths of the Balmat
mines are within 3 miles of each other and 10 miles away
from the Pierrepont mine. There were 10 over-the-road
truckdrivers employed to transport ore mined at Pierre-
522 DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
pont to the areas of the Balmat mines . At the surface
near the Balmat mines' mouths are located a mill, a car-
pentry shop , and a maintenance shop . The function of
the mill is to wash sulfides from the ore which has been
mined and crushed . The crushed , washed ore is called
zinc concentrate . Depending on the purity, it takes ap-
proximately 2 tons of crushed ore to make 1 ton of con-
centrate . The concentrate is shipped by rail to the Em-
ployer's smelter in Monaca , Pennsylvania . The Monaca
smelter operation gets 40 percent of the concentrate it
uses from the Balmat mines; the remainder is purchased
from foreign sources and obtained from domestic "sec-
ondary feeds" (recovery from zinc-containing com-
pounds which have no sulphur). The smelting operation
involves roasting (heating), sintering (removing of impu-
rities), aglomerating (mixing with other particles), fur-
nacing (reducing the primary product to zinc oxide), and
condensing of the oxide vapors to slab (or cast , or ingot)
form for sale to customers . It takes about 2 tons of con-
centrate to make 1 ton of slab zinc.
Before the strike, 28 bargaining unit employees were
employed at the Pierrepont mine ; 50 at Balmat No. 2; 50
at Balmat No. 3; 160 at Balmat No. 4; 20 on the surface
at Balmat; and there were about 10 truckdrivers. At the
time of the hearing the Employer employed 13 employ-
ees at the Pierrepont mine; none at Balmat No. 2; none
at Balmat No . 3; 35 at Balmat No. 4; and no truckdriv-
ers, the truckdriving operation having been subcontract-
ed during the strike . The Employer contends that the re-
duction of the employee complement is not a result of
the strike but a result of unrelated economic forces. The
Employer further contends that the unit reduction, at
least to the number of 70, is permanent because it is most
improbable that the demand for domestic zinc concen-
trate will ever rise above present day levels, but, even if
it did , the Employer has determined that it can operate
most efficiently at an output level which would require
no more than 70 employees.
The Employer placed in evidence a series of graphs
reflecting that , over the last 20 years, domestic slab zinc
consumption has decreased about 40 percent ; slab zinc
imports, mostly from Canada , have increased 65 percent
over the same period ; and domestic zinc smelting capac-
ity has been reduced 75 percent (so that the Monaca
smelter is 1 of only 4 left in the United States whereas
there were 15 such smelters in 1965). During the week
before the hearing closed , the price of slab zinc was 51
cents per pound which was also the rate at the time the
strike began . Unchallenged documentation introduced by
the Employer reflects that, in terms of 1986 dollars,9 the
peak price of zinc since 1918 was 54 cents per pound in
1974, and the low was 31 cents per pound in the spring
of 1986.
In 1985, when the unit complement was about 298 em-
ployees, the Balmat mines produced 106,000 tons of zinc
concentrate. In 1983 and 1984 the Employer employed
an average of 448 unit and nonunit employees and super-
visors to produce approximately the same amount of
concentrate. In the 9-month period of 1986 before the
9 The record, p. 24, LL. 11-12, is corrected to change "a constant $86"
to "a constant '86 dollar."
month of the hearing herein opened , the Employer pro-
duced 64,000 tons of concentrate , or approximately 7,000
tons per month , or a projected annual output of 85,000
tons of concentrate for 1986 . To do this the Employer
employed an average of 106 total (unit and nonunit) em-
ployees and supervisors.
The Employer called two witnesses in support of its
contention that the unit had permanently contracted to
70. The first witness was Robert Sunderman , president of
St. Joe Resources which owns St. Joe Minerals , the Em-
ployer herein . The Employer's second witness was Larry
Allen Straw , general mine superintendent of the Balmat
mines.
Sunderman testified that in 1984 the Employer began
drafting production scenarios to determine the maximum
efficient operation . Factoring in the various variables in-
volved , the Employer concluded in late June or early
July 1985 (or just before the strike began on 22 July)
that the lowest production cost per ton of zinc concen-
trate could be achieved if production were limited to
70,000 tons per year . Beyond this limit , the Employer's
projections predicted , production costs would rise so fast
that it would be cheaper to purchase zinc concentrate on
the open world market . Further, the Employer conclud-
ed at the same time that it could produce 70,000 tons of
concentrate with only 70 unit employees (or about one-
quarter of the prestrike work force) because of several
capital improvements in the form of labor -saving devices
(as described by Straw), and because of the availability
of higher grade ores at the Pierrepont mine . (The higher
the grade of ore, the less of it that has to be mined to
produce a given quanity and quality of zinc concentrate.)
During informal negotiations sessions of April and
May 1985, and during formal negotiations in June and,
thereafter, the Employer's negotiators told the Union
that production costs and the unit complement would
have to be reduced . In all such sessions the employer
representatives told the Union that the employee reduc-
tions could be achieved by normal attrition ; the repre-
sentatives never suggested that permanent layoffs would
be necessary ; they never told the Union that the Em-
ployer had decided that it would limit production to
70,000 tons; and they never told the Union that the Em-
ployer could produce that annual tonnage with only 70
unit employees.
On the contrary , in a letter dated 4 September 1985,
the Employer told the employees of its position in the
strike (which was then 7 weeks old):
To compete in the world zinc mining market, we
must : (a) reduce our energy costs through conserva-
tion and lower rates, (b) reduce labor costs through
improved productivity , (c) improve mining meth-
ods, grade and/or techniques. Also, new mine pros-
pects will be limited to only areas that have high
grade and substantial zinc deposits.
After reviewing current economic conditions in
the zinc industry and how these conditions relate to
our operation, it is not economically feasible due to
the low grade and high cost of mining most of the
ore (with a few limited exceptions) to operate No. 2
ST. JOE MINERALS CORP. 523
and No. 3 Mines . As a result, the Company is com-
bining No . 2, No. 3 and No. 4 Mine into the Balmat
Mine Department.
Will there be layoffs? Unfortunately, the answer
is yes . But remember , there were one hundred and
seventy-eight men layed [sic] off after the 78-79
strike ended . Out of that whole group , only fifteen
were never recalled . As you are aware, a lot de-
pends on the economy and the price of zinc.
The letter continued that in negotiations the Employer
had proposed a profit-sharing plan which would have
netted each Balmat employee $923 had the plan been in
effect during 1984. In discussing this proposed profit-
sharing plan with the Union during the negotiations, the
Employer explained its projections upon the basis of con-
tinuing production of 100,000 tons of zinc concentrate
annually.
In sum, the evidence is that at least 7 weeks into the
strike the Employer had foretold of no layoffs, except
temporary ones, had not shared its conclusion that it
would be more profitable to cut production by 30 per-
cent (to 70,000 tons), and had not told either the employ-
ees or the Union that only one-fourth of the prestrike
complement was needed to produce that tonnage. The
Union relies on these facts in arguing that the 70,000 ton
limitation is nonexistent. In addition , the Union argues
that even if production costs per ton were to go up with
an increase in production volume (as the Employer
argues), the level of production is necessarily a function
of price ; that is, if the price is high enough production
would continue to rise as long as reasonable profits are
returned . (Or, as stated in the letter of 4 September 1985,
"a lot depends on the economy and the price of zinc.")
The Union's arguments contain much logic in terms of
supply-and-demand economic reasoning , and the Em-
ployer's representation that production would not rise
above 70,000 tons per year (no matter what the market
price of zinc may be) is extremely suspect . This is espe-
cially true in view of the fact that the Employer at the
time of the hearing was producing concentrate at a rate
of 85 ,000 tons per year . Moreover, the Employer's fail-
ure to tell the Union of the proposed 70,000 tons per
year limit in negotiations casts further suspicion ; in nego-
tiations it obviously would have been to the Employer's
tactical advantage to tell the Union that reduced output,
and a concomitant reduction in employee complement,
were in the future if such had been true.
However , even if there had not been a prestrike deci-
sion to limit production to 70,000 tons, the fact remains
that the Employer has made a great number of changes
resulting in a substantial reduction of the operation and a
permanent reduction in the employee complement.
There is no dispute by the Union that automated,
highly specialized machinery has been introduced into
the Balmat mines; this machinery has allowed, and will
continue to allow , a reduced level of employment to
produce the amount of tonnage that is presently market-
able, or appears to marketable , in the foreseeable future.
The Union also did not dispute the testimony of Sunder-
man that the domestic demand for zinc has steadily de-
creased for the last 20 years , and that , while there was a
slight price rebound at the time of the hearing, there is
no reasonable prospect that the worldwide demand for
zinc will rise any more than 1 percent per year in the
foreseeable future . With no more of a rise in demand
than this , there is no prospect for any dramatic rise in
the price of zinc . There is also no rebuttal by the Union
of the Employer's testimony that mines 2 and 3 have
been closed ; No. 2 has been allowed to flood (by natural
seepage) to such a level that the only use of the mine is
as a second escape route for mine No. 4. Mine No. 3 is in
the process of being flooded completely . It is also undis-
puted that the cost of reopening a once-flooded mine is
prohibitive . Therefore, hereafter , the Balmat operation
will include only the No. 4 Balmat mine and the Pierre-
pont mine . The Union further did not dispute that these
mines can produce 70,000, 85,000, or even 100 ,000 tons
per year by employment of only 70 unit employees.
Finally, the Union admits that from the beginning of
negotiations (that is to say, long before the strike began)
that the Employer proposed to contract out the jobs of
ore-trucking, janitorial services , and watchmen. These
changes have been implemented with the result of per-
manent loss of another 11 jobs.
In summary , the Union has produced no countervail-
ing evidence , either expert or otherwise , to rebut the
Employer's testimony and documentation that all mar-
ketable output can hereafter be achieved with 70 em-
ployees, and I find that to be the fact .10 Therefore, I
conclude that the employees heretofore named in foot-
notes 2, 3, 5 and 8 are the only ones who were entitled
to vote.
Accordingly, I recommend that the Regional Director
order opened and counted the ballots of the following
voters, and that the appropriate certification thereafter
be issued:
Darrell E. Allen
George E. Allen
Kenneth E. Allen
Robert G. Baderman
Donald A. Baker
William M. Baker
David B . Bancroft
David W. Bigelow
Donald W . Bigelow
Williama D. Bowman
Cortland J. Bridge
Earnest K. Brown
Raymond V. Card
Robert E. Church
Walter J. Clement
Russell P. Clintsman
Holis D. Cornell
Carl B . Creighton
Ralph M. Demel
Kenneth W . Denesha
Wayne I. Denesha
William A. Farr
Herbert C. Finley, Jr.
Jon W . Kennedy
Dwight A. Knowlton
Jerry A. LaRock
James J. Lasher
Daniel Losey
Richard Lumley
Henry N. McCready
Gerald E. McIntosh
Albert J. Melisko
Raymond O. Moon
Robert P. Morehouse
Eugene D. Morrow
Francis J. Mousaw, Jr.
Rosalie D. Munger
David E. Nace
Howard A . Newcombe
Michael S. Otto
Howard L. Paige
Michael I . Porter
Charles H. Reynolds
Joel E. Reynolds
Kenneth A . Richards
David C. Roberts
10 This element of proof produced by the Employer distinguishes on
the facts all contrary cases cited by the Union in its brief
524 DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
Herbert C . Finley, Sr. Casmir R. Roe
Laurel L. Finley Leland D. Ryan
Lauren A . Finley Charles A. Shampine
Everett A. Fleming
Larry J. Folsom
Karl E. French
Charles H. Fuller
Peter L. George
Alton D. Gibson
Robert W. Gonyea
Ivan C. Gordon
Barbara Halladay
Erwin J. Hamilton
Gordon H. Hamilton
Ricky L. Hance
James P. Hanratty
Richard J . Hartle
Edward W. Hooper
Robert R. Hooper
Richard F. Shampine
Thomas H. Sleeman
Roy C. Smith
Bernard A . Stevens
Roy C. Stone
Alton P. Stowell
Gerald D . Thornton
William E. Vatter
Lloyd W. Walrath
Douglas F . Walroth
Chris W. Weller
Cyrus W. Weller
Robert Whitaker
William P. Witaker
David W. Whitford
Lawrence E. Woodrow
Daniel L . House Percy J. Woods
Royal J. Ingram James P. Wranesh
William E . Isereau Algie E. Youngs
Cynthia H. June
The remaining challenges should be sustained.
As provided in the order directing hearing and notice
of hearing , these recommendations are made to the
Board . Either party may, within 10 days from the date of
issuance of this report , file with the Board in Washing-
ton, D .C., an original and seven copies of exceptions
thereto with supporting brief, if desired . Immediately
upon filing such exceptions , the party filing the same
shall serve a copy thereof on the other parties and the
Regional Director for Region 3. The party filing excep-
tions shall also file a statement of service of such excep-
tions with the Board . If no exceptions are filed to this
report, the Board may adopt my recommendations and
issue its decision thereupon.