Laborers Local 1184 (Nicholson Rodio)

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Nov 17, 2000

332 N.L.R.B. 1292 (N.L.R.B. 2000)

DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 1292
Laborers’ International Union of North America,
Local No. 1184, AFL–CIO (Nicholson Rodio
West Dam Joint Venture) and Jesse Lara. Case
21–CB–12273
November 17, 2000
DECISION AND ORDER
BY CHAIRMAN TRUESDALE AND MEMBERS
LIEBMAN
AND HURTGEN
On September 29, 1998, Administrative Law Judge
Frederick C. Herzog issued the attached decision. The
Respondent filed exceptions and a supporting brief, and
the General Counsel filed an answering brief.
The National Labor Relations Board has delegated its
authority in this proceeding to a three-member panel.
The Board has considered the decision and the record
in light of the exceptions and briefs and has decided to
affirm the judge’s rulings, findings,1 and conclusions and
to adopt the recommended Order as modified and set
forth in full below.2
ORDER
The National Labor Relations Board orders that the
Respondent, Laborers International Union of North
America, Local No. 1184, AFL–CIO, its officers, agents,
and representatives, shall
1. Cease and desist from
(a) Causing employers to fail or refuse to hire employ-
ees for reasons other than their failure to pay dues.
(b) In any like or related manner restraining or coerc-
ing employees in the exercise of the rights guaranteed
them by Section 7 of the Act.

1 The Respondent has excepted to some of the judge’s credibility
findings. The Board’s established policy is not to overrule an adminis-
trative law judge’s credibility resolutions unless the clear preponder-
ance of all the relevant evidence convinces us that they are incorrect.
Standard Dry Wall Products, 91 NLRB 544 (1950), enfd. 188 F.2d 362
(3d Cir. 1951). We have carefully examined the record and find no
basis for reversing the findings.
In affirming the judge’s finding that the Respondent violated Sec.
8(b)(1)(A) and (2) by causing Nicholson Rodio West Dam Joint Ven-
ture not to hire Jesse Lara, we note that the Respondent does not con-
tend that its interference with Lara’s employment was pursuant to a
valid union-security clause or was necessary to the effective perform-
ance of its representative functions. See, e.g., Stage Employees IATSE
Local 720 (AVW Audio Visuals), 332 NLRB No. 3, slip op. at 2 (2000).
2 In addition to the remedies provided by the judge, we shall order
the Union to inform the employer that it has no objection to the em-
ployment of Charging Party Jesse Lara and to request that he be hired.
Sheet Metal Workers’ Union Local 355 (Zinsco Electrical Products),
254 NLRB 773, 774 (1981), enfd. in relevant part 716 F.2d 1249 (9th
Cir. 1983). We shall also substitute the Board’s standard language for
certain portions of the recommended Order and notice. See Indian
Hills Care Center, 321 NLRB 144 (1996).
2. Take the following affirmative action necessary to
effectuate the policies of the Act.
(a) Make Jesse Lara whole for any loss of pay and
other benefits that he suffered because the Respondent
unlawfully caused Nicholson Rodio West Dam Joint
Venture not to hire him. Backpay shall be computed in
accordance with F.W. Woolworth Co., 90 NLRB 289
(1950), with interest as computed in New Horizons for
the Retarded, 283 NLRB 1173 (1987).
(b) Inform Nicholson Rodio West Dam Joint Venture
that it has no objections to Lara’s employment, and re-
quest that he be employed.
(c) Within 14 days after service by the Region, post at
its union offices and hiring halls copies of the attached
notice marked “Appendix.”3 Copies of the notice, on
forms provided by the Regional Director for Region 21,
after being signed by the Respondent’s authorized repre-
sentative, shall be posted by the Respondent and main-
tained for 60 consecutive days in conspicuous places
including all places where notices to employees and
members are customarily posted. Reasonable steps shall
be taken by the Respondent to ensure that the notices are
not altered, defaced, or covered by any other material
(d) Within 21 days after service by the Region, file
with the Regional Director a sworn certification of a re-
sponsible official on a form provided by the Region at-
testing to the steps that the Respondent has taken to
comply.
APPENDIX
NOTICE TO EMPLOYEES
POSTED BY ORDER OF THE
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
An Agency of the United States Government

The National Labor Relations Board has found that we vio-
lated the National Labor Relations Act and has ordered us to
post and abide by this notice.

Section 7 of the Act gives employees these rights.
To organize
To form, join, or assist any union
To bargain collectively through representatives
of their own choice
To act together for other mutual aid or protection
To choose not to engage in any of these protected
concerted activities.

3 If this Order is enforced by a judgment of a United States court of
appeals, the words in the notice reading “Posted by Order of the Na-
tional Labor Relations Board” shall read “Posted Pursuant to a Judg-
ment of the United States Court of Appeals Enforcing an Order of the
National Labor Relations Board.”

332 NLRB No. 124
LABORER’S LOCAL 1184 (NICHOLSON RODIO) 1293
WE WILL NOT cause employers to fail or refuse to
hire employees for reasons other than their failure to pay
dues.
WE WILL NOT in any like or related manner restrain
or coerce you in the exercise of the rights guaranteed you
by Section 7 of the Act.
WE WILL make Jesse Lara whole, with interest, for
any loss of pay and other benefits that he suffered be-
cause we unlawfully caused Nicholson Rodio West Dam
Joint Venture not to hire him.
WE WILL inform Nicholson Rodio West Dam Joint
Venture that we have no objections to Lara’s employ-
ment, and request that he be employed.
LABORERS’ UNION LOCAL NO. 1184 (NICHOLSON
RODIO)

Erick M. Carr, Esq. for the General Counsel.
Alexander B. Cvitan, Esq. (Reich, Adell, Crost & Cvitan), of
Los Angeles, California, for Respondent.
DECISION
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
This case was heard by me in Los Angeles, California, on
December 3, 1997, January 26 and 27, 1998, and April 27,
1998, and is based on a charge filed on January 14, 1997, by
Jesse Lara, an individual, alleging generally that Laborers’
International Union of North America, Local No. 1184, AFL–
CIO, (Respondent), committed certain violations of Section
8(b)(1)(A) and (2) of the National Labor Relations Act (the
Act). On June 16, 1997, the Regional Director for Region 21 of
the National Labor Relations Board (the Board) issued a com-
plaint and notice of hearing (subsequently amended), alleging
violations of Section 8(b)(1)(A) and (2) of the Act. Respondent
thereafter filed a timely answer to the allegations contained
within the complaint, denying all wrongdoing.
All parties appeared at the hearing, and were given full op-
portunity to participate, to introduce relevant evidence, to ex-
amine and cross-examine witnesses, to argue orally, and file
briefs. Based on the record, my consideration of the briefs filed
by counsel for the General Counsel and counsel for Respon-
dent, and my observation of the demeanor of the witnesses, I
make the following
FINDINGS OF FACT
I. JURISDICTION
The complaint alleges, and it is admitted, that the employer,
Nicholson Rodio West Dam Joint Venture, has a jobsite, office,
and place of business in Winchester, California, where at all
material times it has been engaged in the business of construc-
tion of a dam; that the employer is a joint venture of Nicholson
Construction Company and Rodio, Inc.; that during the 12-
month period ending, in the course and conduct of its business
operations, the employer purchased and received at its jobsite,
mentioned above goods valued in excess of $50,000 directly
from points outside the State of California.
Accordingly, I find and conclude that Nicholson Rodio West
Dam Joint Venture is now, and at all material times has been,
an employer engaged in commerce within the meaning of Sec-
tion 2(2), (6), and (7) of the Act.
II. THE LABOR ORGANIZATION
The complaint alleges, the answer admits, and I find that the
Respondent is now, and at all material times has been, a labor
organization within the meaning of Section 2(5) of the Act.
III. THE ALLEGED UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICES
A. The Issue
The sole issue in this case is whether or not Respondent vio-
lated Section 8(b)(1)(A) and 8(b)(2) of the Act by causing an
employer not to hire employee Jesse Lara.
B. The Evidence
Lara credibly testified that he’s been a member in good
standing of Respondent since July 1985.
In March 1996, Lara was nominated for the position of Ser-
geant at Arms by a fellow member. However, the president of
the Union, Jerry Bell, nominated another member, Luiz Flores,
for that position. Ultimately, both men were appointed as Ser-
geants at Arms.
Lara testified without contradiction that prior thereto he had
never been refused work by an employer. However, he was
refused work by the Employer herein on Friday, September 20,
1996.
The day before, Lara was called by David Smith, a field rep-
resentative for the Union, who told him he was being dis-
patched to work at Nicholson, and to pick up the referral later
that day at the union hall for work to begin the following Mon-
day. However, he was also told to report to Nicholson on Fri-
day, to complete the paperwork for his dispatch as a laborer.
There is no claim that the dispatch was done properly.
Lara went to Nicholson the next morning. There he gave his
dispatch slip to Janet Ross, Nicholson’s administrative man-
ager, and received the necessary paperwork from her. Then he
answered questions about his work skills, put to him by
Fancesco Sidoti, Nicholson’s senior construction manager,
confirming that he had training and experience in such skills as
drilling and grouting. He also advised that he’d left his last job
due to a reduction in force. Lara testified that he’d never been
asked such questions by a prospective employer.1 According to
Lara, he overheard Sidoti tell Ross that Lara shouldn’t be hired
because he was not qualified for anything on the job. Thus,
Ross then handed Lara’s dispatch slip back to him, and Lara
left the job.
Lara called the Union and told a man named Bell what hap-
pened. Bell said he’d look into it and call him back, but Lara
never heard from Bell.

1 Lara testified twice in this case. In his first appearance, he made
little sense. However, in his second appearance (immediately follow-
ing the testimony of Sidoti), he credibly disputed Sidoti’s testimony
about never having spoken to Lara at the jobsite. I have determined to
give assign credibility to Lara’s testimony in this regard than I shall to
Sidoti’s.
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 1294
Lara was next dispatched by the Union on October 1, when
he went to Fleming Engineering for 4 weeks. Subsequently, he
was dispatched to Lumsdine Construction and Kiewit-Granite
for a 1-day spot, and to Coast Gio for 4 days of work.

By contrast, the Nicholson project lasted until May 1997.

Janet Ross was the General Counsel’s sole other witness.

Ross testified that while she worked for Nicholson it was
part of her job to phone the Union whenever Nicholson wanted
the Union to dispatch laborers to the project. Nicholson was
party to a project labor agreement, which required it to secure
its laborers from the Union. Ross always assumed that a
worker referred by the Union was competent, and other than
Lara, she knew of no worker who was ever denied employment
for any reason other than failing the drug test.
Ross first heard of Lara in August 1996, when David Smith,
the Union’s field representative, was in her office. He was
upset and was cursing and stomping around while referring to
Jesse Lara as a troublemaker, and as one of two employees
(Lara and Marinelli) who would never work on a dam project
again. Ross credibly testified that she recalled this incident and
Smith’s words because of how greatly Smith was upset.
On September 19, 1996, so Ross testified, David Smith came
to the Nicholson office and told her that Lara’s name had come
to the top of the out-of-work list, and that he had to be dis-
patched. She recalled that he told her that, despite his referral,
she was not obligated to hire him.
Ross went on to recount that, later that day, she got a tele-
phone call from John Smith, David Smith’s father, who serves
as the business agent and secretary-treasurer for the Union. She
had never spoken to him before, but he introduced himself as
being from the Union. She testified that he reminded her that
Nicholson was not obligated to hire all employees dispatched
by the Union. While Smith mentioned no names to her, she
recalled him excusing that in advance by saying, “I didn’t men-
tion any names, did I?”
While Ross later received an envelope containing a paper,
which indicated that the employer did not have to hire all dis-
patches, I draw no inference therefrom concerning the Respon-
dent. I regard it as having been explained by the testimony of
Charlotte Stone, infra.
Ross acknowledged that, by the time Lara showed up at her
office on the 20th, she knew that she did not have to, and would
not, hire him. She gave Lara the paperwork only as a charade.
So, she also called Sidoti into her office and said that Lara was
a troublemaker and that he should make up an excuse to get rid
of him. She recalled that Sidoti agreed with her, saying that
Nicholson didn’t need any troublemakers.2 Thus, ultimately,
she, Sidoti, and Nicholson refused to hire Lara.
Ross testified that she felt guilty over her part in the denial of
employment to Lara. Accordingly, she spoke to the project
manager, Hobelman.3 She also spoke to Gary Dixon, a labor

2 Ross also testified twice. In her second, very brief appearance, she
identified Sidoti as the man who she told not to hire Lara.
3 Hobelman didn’t recall this conversation, even though it would
have raised a “red flag” for him mentally. As he recalled, Sidoti might
relations official, of the Metropolitan Water District, who sug-
gested having Lara redispatched.
She also called the Union and again spoke to Bell, telling
him that what had happened to Lara was not right, and that she
was requesting that he be redispatched to Nicholson. She re-
called that Bell assured her not to worry, and that Lara had
already been dispatched elsewhere. Despite her request for
Lara by name, he was never redispatched to Nicholson.
Only days later, so Ross testified, Bell was again in Ross’ of-
fice. She remarked to him that what had happened to Lara was
not right, and he responded that she shouldn’t worry about it, or
let anyone hear her do so, or “we’ll all lose our jobs.”4
Alan Hobelman testified that he used to be vice president of
Nicholson Rodio’s western region. He had overall charge of
the project where Ross worked as administrative assistant, with
responsibility for accounts receivable, accounts payable, and
payroll. He handled most labor relations matters. When the
works manager,5 Francesco Sidoti, decided in concert with
Hobelman that additional workers were needed, he told Ross.
Ross then phoned the unions and asked for workers to be dis-
patched. Generally, they asked for more people than would be
actually needed, since it was presumed that some would fail the
drug test and others simply wouldn’t show up. Hobelman
opined that it would have set off a “red flag” with him had Ross
ever conveyed information about a union representative black-
listing a prospective employee, and since he doesn’t recall any
such event he doubts that she ever said anything to him or other
management officials. Specifically, he was unaware of any
such instance, much less any in which Ross intervened success-
fully to thwart a hiring. However, Hobelman was unable to say
with certainty that no such incident ever occurred. He recalled
that Ross left Nicholson’s employ when she became indignant
upon learning of the employer’s plans to replace her.
Charlotte Stone, office manager for the Union, testified that
in September of 1996, David Smith had Janet Ross on the
phone, and he wanted clarification from John Smith about
whether or not an employee named Mike McCafferty could
remain employed. So, she got a copy of the Project Labor
Agreement and took it into the office to John Smith. She
stayed, as John asked her to find the section having to do with
union recognition. She claimed that she overheard John Smith
tell Ross that if the employee couldn’t work the shift they
needed him to work, they didn’t have to retain him. She there-
after mailed a copy of the section to Ross.
David Smith testified that he works for the Respondent as a
field representative, and is an officer as well. His primary job
is to process grievances, primarily in an area, which included
the project herein. As such, he routinely visited jobsites, and
routinely met with management representatives. When he vis-
ited Nicholson, he generally met with Holbelman or Sidoti, but
sometimes he met with Ross. When he met with Ross, it was
generally over manpower issues. She was the person who gen-
erally phoned into the Union asking for employees to be sent.

have acted on a request by Ross not to hire someone. But, so he re-
called, Ross was not a very good employee.
4 Bell was not called as a witness at the trial.
5 The title is synonymous with “general superintendent.”
LABORER’S LOCAL 1184 (NICHOLSON RODIO) 1295
It was not unheard of to make small talk with Ross, and he
thought of their relationship as very friendly. He talked to her
from once every week and a half, up to two or three times a
week. In August 1996, he was handling a group of grievances
filed by employees who had been discharged by another con-
tractor, AWZ, on the project. Nicholson was a subcontractor of
AWZ, and Lara had been employed by AWZ before being dis-
charged. He was the field representative who handled the
grievance, which had to be denied as not being timely filed.
However, he denied that he ever had any conversation with
Lara about the failure to process the grievance, or about Lara
being upset with him or the Union. He denied that Lara was
causing him any trouble in August of ‘96 over the grievance.
However, he admitted that around that time Robert Marinelle
was demanding that his grievance be taken to arbitration, and
he admitted:

Q. Okay. Did you ever discuss Marinelle with Janet
Ross in August of 1996?
A. Yes.
Q. Why would you do that?
A. Well, as I said at the time he was—he was one of
the biggest problems for me on that job and probably in
passing you know I mentioned something that that was a
problem, he was one of my grievance that I was process-
ing and I was having a lot of problems with him.
Q. Okay. And where were you, and where was Janet
when you were discussing this?
A. We were in her office. The trailer someplace.
Q. Was there a business purpose for you discussing
this, or was there some other reason?
A. No, it was just mostly conversation. You know, we
were just—she was kind of telling me what kind of prob-
lems she was having on the site and I was telling her what
kind of problems I was having on the site.
Q. Okay. During that conversation did you ever men-
tion Jesse Lara’s name?
A. No.
Q. Did you ever mention Jesse Lara’s grievance?
A. No.
Q. Why is it that you would mention Marinelle but not
Lara?
A. Well, Jesse’s grievance was not timely so it really
didn’t go any further than that.
Q. In discussing Marinelle with Janet in August of
1996 do you recall being animated and yelling about it
raising your voice?
A. No, I was not.
Q. Did you ever tell Janet Ross that Jesse Lara should
not work on that project?
A. No, I did not.
Q. Did you ever tell her that you’d be damned if he
does work on that project?
A. No, I did not.
Q. Did you ever tell her that Jesse Lara was a trouble
maker?
A. No
Q. Did you ever tell her that Marinelle should not work
on the project?
A. No.
Q. Did you ever tell her that you’d be damned if
Marinelle works on that project?
A. No.
Q. And did you ever call Marinelle a trouble maker?
A. No.

David Smith recalled that he left town to attend a union con-
vention on Friday, September 20, 1996. He admitted that he
may have talked to Ross before leaving on his trip, probably on
the 17th he thinks, about a large work order that was coming
up. He also admitted that he called Lara about the dispatch. He
said that he didn’t remember ever speaking to Ross about Lara,
but he still denied that at anytime after Lara was dispatched he
ever told her or suggested to her that she did not have to hire
Lara. Indeed, he believed that if he talked to her, it was on the
phone, on the 19th, and had reference to Mike McCafferty, as
testified to by Charlotte Sharp.
John Smith, Respondent’s business manager, and an officer,
testified that he never discussed Lara with any representative of
Nicholson, but that he did once discuss the dispatch system
with Janet Ross, on September 19th. The conversation came
about from the referral of a phone call through Charlotte Stone,
his secretary. Through that, so John Smith testified, a question
to David Smith led her to ultimately talk to me about the cor-
rect hiring procedures. So, he had his secretary send Ross a
copy of the correct procedure. He recalled her commenting that
they had a problem with a prospect named McCafferty. I told
her that if he couldn’t meet Nicholson’s production require-
ments, they didn’t need to hire him. That was his only conver-
sation with Ross.
Francesco Sidoti testified that he was the works manager at
the Nicholson project from early 1996, until he left in October
1997. He worked under Hobelman, the highest ranking official
there. He knew Janet Ross as the equal employment opportu-
nity officer for Nicholson, who was in charge of calling the
union whenever Nicholson needed workers. She dealt primar-
ily with Laborers’ Local 1184, the Respondent. Sidoti said that
it was he who determined how many workers would be needed,
and he told Ross how many to call for. Sidoti denied that he
talked to employees before they began work for Nicholson. He
also denied meeting Lara, or discussing him with Ross. He
denied that Ross ever told her to avoid hiring Lara, due to him
being a troublemaker, or that the Union did not want him work-
ing on the project. He denied telling Ross that the company
didn’t need any troublemakers on the project, and he denied
that Ross ever asked him to get rid of Lara.
C. Conclusions
As I explained to the parties at the trial’s conclusion, this is a
simple case.
First of all, the legal standards governing violations of this
sort are simple. A union violates Section 8(b)(1)(A) and (2) of
the National Labor Relations Act whenever it causes an em-
ployer to discriminate against a union member for reasons other
than the member’s failure to tender dues. Wenner Ford Tractor
DECISIONS OF THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD 1296
Rentals, Inc., 315 NLRB 964 (1994). See also Desks, Inc., 295
NLRB 1 (1989).
Here, no evidence was offered that Lara failed to pay dues.
Lara testified without contradiction that he has been a member
of the Union in good standing since he joined in 1985.
As is true in every case, the General Counsel has the burden
of establishing, by a preponderance of the evidence, the essen-
tial elements of the unfair labor practices alleged. Ramar Coal
Co., 303 NLRB 604 (1991).
Here, that burden merely makes it incumbent on the General
Counsel to make out a prima facie case that Respondent asked
Nicholson to forego hiring Lara and that Nicholson failed to do
so based on that request. The General Counsel’s burden is
simple and straightforward.
It is not part of the General Counsel’s burden to explain why
Respondent acted as it did. Thus, I make no findings concern-
ing whether or not Respondent engaged in it’s actions toward
Lara because of his action in standing for the office of Sergeant
at Arms. Not only are such findings legally unneccessary and
irrelevant, but, also, I cannot reach any conclusions about those
actions. This is so because Lara’s testimony on the subject
seemed to make no sense. Nor do I discuss further, the unsup-
ported suggestion of the Union, that Lara was not, or might not
have been, hired for some other, but legal, reason.
Here, Ross and Lara have testified that Nicholson, through
Sidoti, refused and failed to hire Lara following the statement
of David Smith of the Union to Ross that Lara was a trouble-
maker, and that Smith would be damned before he’d be allowed
to work on any similar projects in future.
Sidoti, David Smith, and to some extent, John Smith, have
all denied that David Smith ever told any such thing to Ross, or
that Sidoti was so motivated not to hire Lara.
Clearly, it’s merely a matter of which witnesses, I found
credible, which will determine the outcome of this case.
The testimonies of Hobelman and Stone do not bear directly
on the issue, which turns this case, i.e., did David Smith make
the remarks attributed to him by Ross, and did Nicholson
thereby refuse to hire Lara? Hobelman admitted that he could
not say with certainty that no such incident ever occurred. And
Stone’s testimony, while useful on the issue of how Ross came
to receive mail concerning hiring procedures, does not relate to
the truth of Ross’ testimony about what David Smith had to say
to her.
In my opinion, the words of David Smith to Janet Ross, if
believed, are sufficient to establish the requisite causal link
between the Union and the failure of Nicholson to hire Lara.
While it cannot be shown that Respondent ever explicitly in-
structed Ross not to hire Lara, the Board has held that an ex-
press demand or request by a union is not essential to finding a
violation of the Act. Instead, a union violates the Act if any
pressure or inducement is used to influence an employer, in-
cluding mere suggestion. Avon Roofing & Sheet Metal Co., 312
NLRB 499, 503 (1993). See also Carpenters Northwestern
Montana District Council (Glacier Park Co.), 126 NLRB 889,
897–898 (1960).
I have determined to credit the testimony of Ross and Lara
over that of the Smiths and Sidoti. Both were seemingly credi-
ble in appearance.6 While it has been suggested that Ross left
her employ under less than favorable terms, there has been no
explanation as to how that suggestion, if assumed true, would
lead her to falsify testimony against Respondent. While I have
no explanation for “why” the Union would have behaved as it
did, on the basis of my credibility resolutions here, I am satis-
fied that Respondent did, in fact, convey to Ross that Lara
should not be hired, and that it did so with sufficient vehe-
mence as to further convey the thought that trouble would be
coming Nicholson’s way, should it’s warning be disregarded.
Sidoti’s denial of the remarks and actions attributed to him
by Ross was not at all convincing. He gave the impression that
this entire process was merely an impingement on his time.
That, of course, is consistent with the fact that he had to be
subpoenaed, and the subpoena had to be enforced, before he
would testify at all herein. In the face of Lara’s credible testi-
mony about what happened when he went to Nicholson’s to
begin work, and in the face of Ross’ testimony about what she
said to Sidoti, I discredit Sidoti’s denial that he denied work to
Lara because of a demand by David Smith of the Respondent.
The Smiths, in this case, did more than enough to “merely
suggest” to Ross that she should not hire Lara. Under the cred-
ited evidence, David Smith told Ross on the 19th that he would
“be damned” if Lara ever worked on a dam project again. This,
by itself, was tantamount to the Union demanding that Ross not
hire Lara. John Smith coyly noted that he was not mentioning
any names while he discussed procedures with Ross.
For these reasons, I find and conclude that Respondent vio-
lated the Act by causing Nicholson to refuse work to Lara, all
as alleged in the complaint.
REMEDY
The remedy in this case is for the Respondent Union to be
ordered to cease and desist from this or similar misconduct,
post appropriate notices, notify Nicholson that it has no objec-
tion to Lara being hired, and make Lara whole for the loss of
any pay or benefits occasioned by his being unlawfully refused
hire by Nicholson. The issues surrounding the length of the
backpay period is not addressed herein, and is expressly left for
compliance procedures.
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
1. Respondent, Laborers’ International Union of North
America, Local No. 1184, AFL–CIO is a labor organization
within the meaning of Section 2(5) of the Act.
2. Respondent violated Section 8(b)(1)(A) and (2) of the Act
when it caused Nicholson Employer to refuse to hire Lara as a
laborer on or about September 20, 1996.
3. The aforesaid unfair labor practices affect commerce
within the meaning of Section 2(6) and (7) of the Act.
[Recommended Order omitted from publication.]

6 Notwithstanding Lara’s obvious difficulties in presenting an appear-
ance which seemed reliable during his first appearance on the witness
stand.