Interlake Iron Corp.

National Labor Relations Board - Board Decisions

Apr 23, 1938

6 N.L.R.B. 780 (N.L.R.B. 1938)

In the Matter of INTERLAKE IRON CORPORATION and AMALGAMATED
ASSOCIATION OF IRON, STEEL, AND TIN WORKERS OF NORTH AMERICA,
LocAL No. 1657
Case No. R-316.-Decided April 23, 1938
Iron and Steel Industry-Investigation of Representatives : controversy con-
cerning representation of employees : rival organizations ; refusal by employer
to recognize petitioning union as exclusive representative-Unit Appropriate
for Collective Bargaining : hourly rate employees and heaters on monthly rate,
excluding supervisory employees , cafeteria managers , patrolmen , watchmen,
gatemen, first-aid men , bus operators , and laboratory samplers and chemists-
Representatives : proof of choice : election-Certification of Representatives:
upon proof of majority representation as determined by results of election.
Mr. Jack G. Evans, for the Board.
Pope and Ballard, by Mr. Edward W. Ford and Mr. Henry E.
Seyfartli, of Chicago, Ill., for the Company.
Mr. Tlzurlow G. Lewis, of Chicago, Ill., for the Amalgamated.
Mr. John F. Cusack and Mr. Robert Irmiger, of Chicago, Ill., for
the Employees Association.
Mr. Lester Asher, of counsel to the Board.
DECISION
AND
CERTIFICATION OF REPRESENTATIVES
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
On June 24, 1937, Amalgamated Association of Iron, Steel, and
Tin Workers of North America, Local No. 1657, herein called the
Amalgamated, filed with the Regional Director for the Thirteenth
Region (Chicago, Illinois) a petition alleging that a question affect-
ing commerce had arisen concerning the representation of employees
of Interlake Iron Corporation, Chicago, Illinois, herein called the
Company, and requesting an investigation and certification of repre-
sentatives pursuant to Section 9 (c) of. the National Labor Relations
Act, 49 Stat. 449, herein called the Act. On September 9, 1937, the
National Labor Relations Board, herein called the Board, acting
pursuant to Section 9 (c) of the Act and Article III, Section 3, of
National Labor Relations Board Rules and Regulations 'Series ,1,
as amended, ordered an investigation and authorized the Regional
780
DECISION S AND ORDERS 781_
Director to conduct it and to provide for an appropriate hearing
upon due notice.
On September 17, 1937, the Regional Director issued a notice of
hearing, copies of which were duly served upon the Company, upon
the Amalgamated, and upon Employees Association of Interlake
Iron Corporation, herein called the Employees Association, a labor
organization purporting to represent employees directly affected by
the investigation. On September 23, 1937, the Amalgamated filed
an amended petition. Pursuant to the notice, a hearing was held
on September 24 and 25, 1937, at Chicago, Illinois, before D. Lacy
McBryde, the Trial Examiner duly designated by the Board. At
the commencement of the hearing the Employees Association moved
for leave to intervene and to be made a party to the proceeding.
The motions were granted by the Trial Examiner. The Board, the
Company, the Amalgamated, and the Employees Association were
represented by counsel and participated in the hearing. Full oppor-
tunity to be heard, to examine and cross-examine witnesses, and to,
introduce evidence bearing on the issues was afforded all parties.
During the course of the hearing the Trial Examiner made several
rulings on motions and on objections to the admission of evidence.
The Board-has reviewed the rulings of the Trial Examiner and finds
that no prejudicial errors were committed. The rulings are hereby
affirmed. The Trial Examiner reserved ruling upon a motion of
the Employees Association to strike out testimony introduced by the
Amalgamated relating to the types of operations and duties which
distinguish the production and non-production activities of the Com-
pany. As his reason for objecting to this testimony counsel for the-
Employees Association urged that the unit appropriate for the pur-
poses of collective bargaining must in each case include all the
employees of an employer, excluding supervisors. This argument
displays a fundamental misconception of the factors involved in the-
determination of the appropriate unit. The motion to strike is.
hereby denied.
After examining the record in the case, the Board concluded that
a question affecting commerce had arisen concerning the representa-
tion of employees of the Company, and on the basis of such conclu-
sion, and acting pursuant to Article III, Section 8, of said Rules and'
Regulations-Series 1, as amended, issued a Direction of Election 1
on November 9, 1937, in which it found that the employees paid on
an hourly rate and the heaters paid on a monthly rate employed by
the Company at its Chicago, Illinois, plant, excluding supervisory
employees, cafeteria managers, patrolmen, watchmen, gatemen, first-
aid men, bus operators, and laboratory samplers and chemists, consti-
14 N. L. R. B. 65.
'782 -NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
tuted a unit appropriate for the purposes of collective bargaining.
For the purpose of expediting the election and thus insuring to the
employees of the Company the full benefit of their right to collective
bargaining as early as possible, the Board directed the election with-
out at the same time issuing a decision embodying complete findings
of fact and conclusions of law.
On November 20, 1937, the Board amended the Direction of Elec-
tion by striking therefrom the name of the Amalgamated, and sub-
stituting therefor the name, Steel Workers Organizing Committee
for the Amalgamated Association of Iron, Steel, and Tin Workers of
North America, Local No. 1657, affiliated with the C. I. 0., herein
-called the S. W. O. C.,z and on November 23, 1937, and on December
7. 1937, the Board further amended the Direction of Election to
extend the period within which the election was to be held.3
On November 18, 1937, the S. W. O. C. and the Amalgamated
filed with the Board a joint motion requesting that the Direction
of Election be amended by striking therefrom the words "or by
neither" appearing in the last line of said Direction of Election, and
on November 23, 1937, the Employees Association joined therein.
On November 22, 1937, the Employees Association filed its petition
to amend the Direction of Election by adding certain additional
classes of employees to those eligible to vote at the election and also
requested an opportunity to submit further evidence relating to these
employees. On December 4, 1937, the S. W. O. C. filed objections
to the granting of the requests of the Employees Association. By its
Supplement to Direction of Election,' issued on December 28, 1937,
the Board, after careful consideration of the problems presented,
denied the motions of both organizations.
Pursuant to the Direction of Election and the amendments and
supplements thereto, an election by secret ballot wa's conducted on
January 7, 1938, by the Regional Director for the Thirteenth Region
among the employees of the Company constituting the bargaining
unit found appropriate by the Board. Full opportunity,,'Nyas; ac-
corded all parties to this proceeding to participate in the conduct of
the ballot and to make challenges. On January 11, 1938, the Regional
Director issued his Intermediate Report upon the secret ballot, which
was duly served upon the parties to the proceeding.
As to the balloting and its results, the Regional Director reported
the following :
Total number eligible--------------------------------------- 865
Total number of ballots cast --------------------------- 754
Ballots cast for Employees Association of Interlake Iron
Corporation ---------------------------------------------- 437
24 N L R B 56
84N.L R B.57.
14 N. L. R.B 58.
DECISIONS AND ORDERS
Ballots cast for Steel Workers Oiganizing Committee for the
Amalgamated Association of Iron, Steel. and Tin Workers
of North America, Local No. 1657, affiliated with the C. I O-- 280
783,
Ballots cast by employees desiring neither organization------- 19
Challenged ballots------------------------------------------ 14
Blank ballots cast--------------------'--------------------- 0
Ballots spoiled or void-------------------------------------- 4
In his Intermediate Report the Regional Director certified that the
secret ballot was fairly and impartially conducted. He nevertheless
called to the attention of the Board the unseemly conduct of John F.
Cusack, attorney for the Employees Association, on the day of then
election. In substance, the Intermediate Report alleged that Cusack
had repeatedly entered the neutral zone which was set up 500 feet
around the polling place and was restricted to eligible voters; had
attempted to be photographed within the polls; had failed to leave
the restricted area except after prolonged discussions; and that the
foregoing and other activities constituted a deliberate interference-
with the Board's agents in their conduct of the election.'
On January 15, 1938, Cusack filed his "answer" to the Intermediate
Report for the purpose of refuting some of the statements made,
therein.
On January 16,,1938, the Amalgamated and the S. W. O. C. filed
objections to the Intermediate Report alleging that the fair and im-
partial conduct of the ballot had been interfered with by the activ-
ities.of Cusack, the Company, and the Employees Association. On,
January 18, 1938, and on January 21, 1938, the Employees Associ-
ation and the Company, respectively, filed answers to these objections.
Acting pursuant to Article III, Section 9, of the Rules and Regula-
tions, the Regional Director found that the objections raised a sub-
stantial and material issue with respect to the conduct of the ballot,.
and on February 10, 1938, he issued a notice of hearing and on Febru-
ary 17, 1938, a notice of continuance of hearing, copies of both of'
which were duly served upon the Company, upon the S. W. O. C.,,
and upon the Employees Association.
Pursuant to the notices, a hearing on said objections was held on
March 7 and 8, 1938, at Chicago, Illinois, before Herbert Wenzel, the-
Trial Examiner duly designated by the Board. The Board, the Com-
pany, and the Employees Association were represented by counsel
and participated in the hearing. Full opportunity to be heard, to,
examine and cross-examine witnesses, and to introduce evidence-
bearing on the objections was afforded all parties. On motion of
counsel for the Company, in which counsel for the Board joined,
certain of the objections alleging interference on the part of the-
Company were dismissed. During the course of this hearing the
Trial Examiner made several rulings, on motions and on objections-,
784 NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
to the admission of evidence. The Board has reviewed the rulings
of the Trial Examiner and finds that no prejudicial errors were com-
mitted. The rulings are hereby affirmed.
Pursuant to notice, a hearing was held before the full Board on
April 14, 1938, in Washington, for the purpose of oral argument
upon the Intermediate Report and the objections thereto. The Com-
pany, the S. W. O. C., and the Employees Association participated
therein.
Upon the entire record in the case, the Board makes the following:
FINDINGS OF FACT
I. THE BUSINESS OF THE COMPANY
Interlake Iron Corporation is a corporation organized and existing
under the laws of the State of New York, with its principal place of
business in Chicago, Illinois. It is engaged in the business of manu-
facturing pig iron, coke, and coal byproducts; has manufacturing
plants and blast furnaces located in Duluth, Minnesota, Erie, Penn-
sylvania, Toledo, Ohio, and Chicago, Illinois; and is qualified to do
business in Minnesota, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Illinois.
Practically all of the raw materials used in manufacture- at the
-Chicago plant, consisting chiefly of iron ore, coal, and limestone, are
•obtained from outside Illinois. From 600,000 to 700,000 tons of iron
-ore are received at the Chicago plant each year, being obtained
.almost entirely in Minnesota, and transported by lake steamer to the
Company's dock on Lake Michigan. The coal used is obtained from
Virginia, West Virginia, Kentucky, and Pennsylvania, approxi-
mately 1,000,000 tons being received annually. About two-thirds of
the limestone used by the Company comes from Michigan. The total
product of the Chicago plant per year amounts to 350,000 tons of
pig iron, 700,000 tons of coke, and large amounts of gas, tar, light oil,
,and ammonia. About 35 per cent of the pig iron and 25 per cent of
the coke are shipped to customers outside of Illinois, and the light
-oil and the ammonia are also sold throughout the country.
II. THE ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED
Amalgamated Association of Iron, Steel, and Tin Workers of
North America, Local No. 1657, is a labor organization affiliated
with the Steel Workers Organizing Committee and the Committee
for Industrial Organization, admitting to membership all hourly
rate employees of the Company's Chicago plant, excluding super-
visory, clerical, cafeteria, and, laboratory employees, patrolmen,
watchmen, gatemen, and first-aid men.
DECISIONS AND ORDERS 785
Employees Association of Interlake Iron Corporation is a labor
organization without outside affiliation, and was incorporated on
May 13, 1937. It admits to "membership all employees of the Com-
pany, except employees in supervisory capacities.
III. THE QUESTION CONCERNING REPRESENTATION
On May 25, 1937, the Company posted notices to its employees
stating that the Employees Association had presented to the man-
agement a request for recognition as the sole bargaining agency for
all the employees of the Company. The notice concluded with the
statement that the Company had agreed to recognize the Employees
Association as the representative of its members and had asked for
a reasonable time in which to consider the request to bargain for all
employees. On June 13, 1937, the Company posted similar notices
with regard to the Amalgamated. A committee from the Amalga-
mated met with the Company's plant manager on June 16 and June
'23, 1937, but the demand which the Amalgamated made for recogni-
tion as the exclusive bargaining representative was refused.
At the hearing it was agreed that each organization claimed to rep-
resent a majority of the employees constituting the appropriate unit
and that the Company had refused to grant exclusive recognition
to either.
We find that a question has arisen concerning representation of
employees of the Company.
IV. THE EFFECT OF THE QUESTION CONCERNING REPRESENTATION UPON
COMMERCE
We find that the question concerning representation which has
arisen, occurring in connection with the operations of the Company
-described in Section I above, has a close, intimate, and substantial
relation to trade, traffic, and commerce among the several States, and
tends to lead to labor disputes burdening and obstructing commerce
.and the free flow of commerce.
V. THE APPROPRIATE UNIT
The Amalgamated in its amended petition for an investigation and
certification of representatives claimed that all hourly rate employees
of the Company, "excluding superintendents, foremen, office em-
ployees, clerks, stenographers, watchmen, and all supervisors", con-
stituted a unit appropriate for the purposes of collective bargaining.
During the hearing the Amalgamated clarified its position by con-
tending that patrolmen, gatemen, and first-aid men should be ex-
cluded from the unit, since their duties are similar to those of watch-
men.
786 NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
The Employees Association , as we have noted above , contended
that under the provisions of the Act every employee of the Company
who is not in a supervisory capacity must be included within the
appropriate unit. The testimony offered by the Employees Associa-
tion was in the main related only to the factor of supervisory pow-
ers, and no attempt was made to refute the evidence of the Amal-
gamated concerning differences in work, wages , skill, and working
conditions between various classes of non-supervisory employees.
The numerous decisions of the Board with respect to the determina-
tion of the appropriate unit indicate clearly that a great many
factors in addition to the question of supervision must be taken into
consideration.
The record , therefore , contains the uncontradicted testimony sub-
mitted by the Amalgamated that the monthly salaried employees
(stenographers , weighmasters , draftsmen , timekeepers and timekeep-
ing-machine operators , clerks, telephone operators , and cashier) are
not required to punch a time clock, for the most part perform
clerical tasks, and are subject to working conditions different from
the hourly rate employees . With reference to the employees on an
hourly rate, the Amalgamated adduced proof that the cafeteria man-
ager, patrolmen , watchmen , gatemen, and first-aid men are distin-
guished in the nature of their work and interests from the workers
engaged in actual production activities; that the bus operator acts
as a messenger and clerical employee ; and that the laboratory sam-
plers and chemists perform technical duties which require different
standards of skill and training . In view of the uncontroverted evi-
dence, we find these exclusions from the bargaining unit to be satis-
factory. We do not exclude from the appropriate unit one heater
who is carried on the monthly pay roll because of his record of 30
years' employment with the Company , since he performs the same
duties as heaters paid at an hourly rate.
We find that the employees paid on an hourly rate and the heat-
ers paid on a monthly rate employed by the Company at its Chicago,
Illinois, plant , excluding all supervisory employees, cafeteria man-
agers, patrolmen , watchmen , gatemen , first-aid men, bus operators,
and laboratory samplers and chemists, constitute a unit appropriate
for the purposes of collective bargaining and that said unit will in-
sure to employees of the Company the full benefit of their right to
self-organization and to collective bargaining and otherwise effectu-
ate the policies of the Act.
VI. THE DETERMINATION OF REPRESENTATIVES
Although at the hearing the Amalgamated and the Employees
Association each made claims that it represented a majority of the
n
DECISIONS AND ORDERS 787
employees , no evidence was introduced upon the basis of which we
could find that a majority of the employees in the appropriate unit
had designated and selected a representative for the purposes of col-
lective bargaining.
We concluded, therefore, that an election by secret ballot was neces-
sary to determine the proper representatives for collective bargaining
and thus resolve the question concerning representation, and we
issued the Direction of Election accordingly. We directed that the
employees in the appropriate unit who were on the Company's pay
roll on June 24, 1937, the date on which the petition was filed, should
be eligible to vote in the election. The results of the election, set
forth above, show that a majority of the employees within the appro-
priate unit have designated and selected the Employees Association
as their representative for the purposes of collective bargaining.
VII. THE CONDUCT OF THE SECRET BALLOT
The evidence adduced at the hearing on the objections to the Inter-
mediate Report affords insufficient basis upon which to sustain the
allegation that the Company interfered with the election. We find
that there were no activities on the part of the Company which
created any impediment to the fair conduct of the secret ballot. We
also find that the activities of the officers and members of the Em-
ployees Association did not interfere with the fair conduct of the
election.
The actions of Cusack, on the other hand, were characterized by
a disrespect for the agents of the Board in the performance of their
duties and by other unprofessional conduct. The balloting was con-
ducted subject to the constant scrutiny of tellers representing both
organizations. As a means of safeguarding against solicitation and
electioneering , the 500-foot neutral area was established and was
restricted to eligible voters going to or coming from the polling place,
and election officials. Cusack at no time disputed the reasonableness
of this restriction and was aware of its existence at the commencement
of the secret ballot. There is no evidence that he engaged in any
electioneering, but he nevertheless repeatedly entered the restricted
zone. Particularly since he was an attorney and the counsel for one
of the interested parties, his demeanor on several occasions during
the course of the election was objectionable and did not set an
example conducive to maintaining a proper decorum at the polls.
However, we have not found conduct of this sort by an agent for
a labor organization occurring in other cases , and we believe the
situation here to be unique. It is our opinion that such conduct will
not occur again and we do not feel that the election results should
be upset.
788 NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD
Upon the basis of the above findings of fact and upon the entire.
record in the case, the Board makes the following :
CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
1. A question affecting commerce has arisen concerning the repre-
sentation of employees of Interlake Iron Corporation, Chicago, Illi-
nois, within the meaning of Section 9 (c) and Section 2 (6) and (7)
of the National Labor Relations Act.
2. The employees paid on an hourly rate and the heaters paid on
a monthly rate employed by the Company, at its Chicago, Illinois,,
plant, excluding all supervisory employees, cafeteria managers, pa-
trolmen, watchmen, gatemen, first-aid men, bus operators, and labora-
tory samplers and chemists, constitute a unit appropriate for the
purposes of collective bargaining, within the meaning of Section
9 (b) of the National Labor Relations Act.
3. Employees Association of Interlake Iron Corporation is the
exclusive representative of all employees in such unit for the purposes
of collective bargaining, within the meaning of Section 9 (a) of the
National Labor Relations Act.
CERTIFICATION OF REPRESENTATIVES
By virtue of and pursuant to the power vested in the National
Labor Relations Board by Section 9 (c) of the National Labor Rela-
tions Act, and pursuant to Article III, Section 8, of National Labor
Relations Board Rules and Regulations-Series 1, as amended,
IT IS HEREBY CERTIFIED that Employees Association of Interlake
Iron Corporation has been designated and selected by a majority of
the employees paid on an hourly rate and the heaters paid on a
monthly rate employed by Interlake Iron Corporation at its Chicago,
Illinois, plant, excluding all supervisory employees, cafeteria man-
agers, patrolmen, watchmen, gatemen, first-aid men, bus operators,
and laboratory samplers and chemists, as their representative for
the purposes of collective bargaining and that, pursuant to the pro-
visions of Section 9 (a) of the Act, Employees Association of Inter-
lake Iron Corporation is the exclusive representative of all such
employees for the purposes of collective bargaining in respect to
rates of pay, hours of employment, and other conditions of employ-
ment.