462 U.S. 393 (1983) Cited 652 times 11 Legal Analyses
Holding that the employer bears the burden of negating causation in a mixed-motive discrimination case, noting "[i]t is fair that [the employer] bear the risk that the influence of legal and illegal motives cannot be separated."
369 U.S. 736 (1962) Cited 710 times 29 Legal Analyses
Holding that "an employer's unilateral change in conditions of employment under negotiation" is a violation of the National Labor Relations Act because "it is a circumvention of the duty to negotiate"
In Trevino v. Celanese Corp., 710 F.2d 397 (5th Cir. 1983), the Fifth Circuit held that in determining whether a corporation related to an employer may be liable under Title VII as a joint employer four factors are to be considered: (1) interrelation of operations; (2) centralized control of labor relations; (3) common management; and (4) common ownership or financial control.