Opinion
No. 207235.
Submitted September 7, 1999, at Detroit.
Decided January 25, 2000, at 9:00 a.m.
Appeal from Wayne Circuit Court, Michigan, LC No. 97-718111 AZ.
Levine, Benjamin, Tushman, Bratt, Jerris Stein, P.C. (by Charles P. Burbach), for the plaintiffs, Southfield.
Jennifer M. Granholm, Attorney General, Thomas L. Casey, Solicitor General, and Morrison Zack, Assistant Attorney General, for the defendants.
Before: White, P.J., and Hood and Jansen, JJ.
Plaintiffs appeal as of right the circuit court's order granting defendants' motion for summary disposition and dismissing plaintiffs' complaint, which sought a declaration that 1996 AACS, R 418.55 is void, and an injunction prohibiting defendants from implementing that rule. We affirm.
Plaintiffs Robert Yakowich, Cheryl Patel, Joe Hoskins, and Catherine Shaw have claims pending before the worker's compensation bureau, a division of the Department of Labor, in which tribunal they are represented by plaintiff law firm Levine, Benjamin, Tushman, Bratt, Jerris Stein, P.C. The worker's compensation board of magistrates was created pursuant to MCL 418.213; MSA 17.237(213). The magistrates hear cases in which an application for a hearing has been filed. MCL 418.206(2); MSA 17.237(206)(2). The board members are supervised by a chairperson, MCL 418.213(3); MSA 17.237(213)(3), who at present is defendant Craig Peterson. The board is authorized to "promulgate rules on administrative hearing procedures for purposes under this act." MCL 418.213(7); MSA 17.237(213)(7). In 1996, the Governor issued Executive Reorganization Order 1996-2, which provided in part IV that all "statutory authority, powers, duties, functions and responsibilities related to the promulgation of rules by boards and commissions in the Department of Labor," including those of the worker's compensation board of magistrates, were transferred to the Director of the Department of Consumer and Industry Services (DCIS). MCL 445. 2001; MSA 3.29(224). Defendant Kathleen Wilbur is the director of the DCIS. In 1996, Wilbur promulgated 1996 AACS, R 418.55 (Rule 5), which provides:
Defendants' motion for summary disposition stated that Wilbur promulgated Rule 5 pursuant to a transfer of legislative authority granted from defendant Board to her by Executive Order No. 1996-2, § IV(3)(k).
(1) Not less than 42 days before a hearing, the party intending to introduce the record, memorandum, report, or data compilation shall furnish copies to all parties and send a notice of intent to the magistrate. The opposing party shall provide written objection to the proposed exhibit to all parties not less that [sic, than] 21 days before the hearing. An opposing party may schedule cross-examination in response to the record, memorandum, report, or data compilation sought to be admitted under this rule.
(2) This rule shall not affect the magistrate's discretion to rule on newly discovered evidence.
In June 1997, plaintiffs filed this action alleging that, pursuant to Const 1963, art 6, § 5 and MCL 600.223; MSA 27A.223, the Supreme Court has sole authority to promulgate and amend general rules governing practices and procedure in all courts of record and state tribunals. Plaintiffs argued that because "[t]he rules of practice and procedure include the rules of evidence," Mumaw v Mumaw, 124 Mich. App. 114, 120; 333 N.W.2d 599 (1983), and Rule 5 was a rule of evidence, Rule 5 was invalid because it was not promulgated by the Supreme Court. Plaintiffs therefore sought to have the court declare Rule 5 a rule of evidence that "is illegal, invalid, [and] of no force and effect" and to enjoin defendants from implementing and applying that rule.
Plaintiffs filed a motion for a preliminary injunction, seeking to enjoin defendants from implementing Rule 5 during the pendency of the case. Defendants filed a motion for summary disposition pursuant to MCR 2.116(C)(8) and (10). The circuit court ruled:
At issue in the present case is enforcement of . . . Rule 5. It was promulgated by the Director of the Department of Consumer and Industry Services, Kathleen Wilbur. I will not read Rule 5 into the record. The rule is used in administrative hearings before the Worker's Compensation Board of Magistrates. The Board hears and decides litigated claims under the Worker's Disability Compensation Act. Director Wilbur promulgated the rule pursuant to the authority given to the Board by MCL 418.213(7) and the Director through Executive Order 1996-2.
Plaintiff has asked this Court for a declaratory judgment and to enjoin enforcement of Rule 5.
Plaintiffs assert that defendants have promulgated Rule 5 in violation of the Michigan Constitution, Article VI, Section 5 and MCL 600.223.
Plaintiffs argue that Rule 5 is a rule of evidence and pursuant to the Constitution and statute the Michigan Supreme Court has the sole authority to promulgate such a rule. Article VI, Section 5 of the Michigan Constitution provides in part that the Supreme Court shall establish the practice and procedure in all courts. Additionally, MCL 600.223 provides, in relevant part: "The Supreme Court has authority to promulgate and amend general rules governing practices and procedures in the Supreme Court and all other courts of record." The terms of the Constitutional provision and statute are clear, in that they address only the Supreme Court's authority to promulgate rules for the judiciary. The case law interpreting the Constitutional provision has affirmed the principle that the Supreme Court has the exclusive authority to promulgate rules for practice and procedure in the courts. That's Perin 373 Mich. 531; People v Fields, 391 Mich. 206; that's Buscaino 385 Mich. 474, and Gruskin 405 Mich. 51. The cases have not addressed the question of whether the court's authority to promulgate rules extends beyond the courts to administrative hearings. The Board is not a court. It is an administrative agency created by the [L]egislature, and, therefore, this Court finds that plaintiffs' reliance on Article VI, Section 5 and MCL 600.223 is, in fact, misplaced.
Perin v Peuler (On Rehearing), 373 Mich. 531; 130 N.W.2d 4 (1964), overruled on other grounds McDougall v Schanz, 461 Mich. 15; 597 N.W.2d 148 (1999).
People v Fields, 391 Mich. 206; 216 N.W.2d 51 (1974), overruled on other grounds People v Peters, 397 Mich. 360; 244 N.W.2d 898 (1976).
Buscaino v Rhodes, 385 Mich. 474; 189 N.W.2d 202 (1971), overruled on other grounds McDougall, supra.
Gruskin v Fisher, 405 Mich. 51; 273 N.W.2d 893 (1979).
Neither MCR 2.116(I)(1) nor MCR 2.517(A)(4) requires the court to specify the ground(s) on which the motion is granted. See People v Shields, 200 Mich. App. 554, 558; 504 N.W.2d 711 (1993) (noting that "[a]lthough it is always preferable for purposes of appellate review that a trial court explain its reasoning and state its findings of fact with respect to pretrial motions, the court is not required to do so by court rule").
Worker's compensation proceedings are purely statutory, Hebert v Ford Motor Co, 285 Mich. 607, 610; 281 N.W. 374 (1938), and "[i]t is the sole prerogative of the Legislature to alter or modify a provision of the WDCA." Feld v Robert Charles Beauty Salon, 435 Mich. 352, 364; 459 N.W.2d 279 (1990) (Riley, C.J.). The Legislature authorized the board (now the director of the DCIS) to promulgate and enforce rules of procedure. MCL 418.213(7); MSA 17.237 (213)(7). See Greer v John E Green Plumbing Heating Co, 75 Mich. App. 451, 453, n 2; 255 N.W.2d 17 (1977), remanded 406 Mich. 896 (1979) (the worker's compensation bureau has a statutory responsibility to promulgate and enforce reasonable rules of procedure). Plaintiffs' underlying premise, that only the Supreme Court may promulgate a rule such as Rule 5, is incorrect. Thus, their claim, which is predicated on that premise, must fail. The circuit court properly granted defendants' motion for summary disposition.
Plaintiffs' claim that they somehow have a vested right in the application of the rules of evidence must also fail. The rules specifically state that they "govern proceedings in the courts of this state," MRE 101, and "apply to all actions and proceedings in the courts of this state." MRE 1101(a). As noted above, a state agency is not a court of the state. The law is well established that worker's compensation hearings "are generally not required to follow the same technical evidentiary rules that apply to jury trials." Carlisle v General Motors Corp, 126 Mich. App. 127, 129; 337 N.W.2d 4 (1983). The one exception to this rule is that hearsay evidence is generally inadmissible, as provided in the rules of evidence. Id. In holding MRE 803(4) applicable to worker's compensation proceedings, this Court noted the general rule but asked, "if the board and . . . referees are not to use the adopted rules of evidence, what source shall they look to for rulings on matters of evidence?" Holford v General Motors Corp, 116 Mich. App. 488, 491, 493; 323 N.W.2d 454 (1982). The Court nevertheless declined to impose "a blanket application of all of the MRE" to worker's compensation hearings. Id. at 493. That aside, Rule 5 does not appear to be a rule of evidence because, although it governs the admission of certain types of evidence, it does not provide that the records specified are or are not admissible, only that they must be disclosed if sought to be introduced. Even if it is considered to be a rule of evidence, it does not appear to conflict with any provision of the MRE and thus does not usurp the Supreme Court's rule-making authority. See People v McDonald, 201 Mich. App. 270, 272-273; 505 N.W.2d 903 (1993). However, even if Rule 5 were a rule of evidence and did conflict with a provision of the MRE, its promulgation and enforcement still does not constitute an unlawful usurpation of the Supreme Court's rule-making authority because that authority extends to courts of record, and a hearing before a worker's compensation magistrate is not before a court of record.
Affirmed.