Opinion
2017–05049 Index No. 1533/14
03-27-2019
Kyristel WRIGHT, etc., Respondent, v. MORNING STAR AMBULETTE SERVICES, INC., et al., Defendants, Robert Meyerson, etc., Appellant.
Aaronson Rappaport Feinstein & Deutsch, LLP, New York, N.Y. (Steven C. Mandell of counsel), for appellant. Kerner & Kerner, New York, N.Y. (Kenneth T. Kerner of counsel), for respondent.
Aaronson Rappaport Feinstein & Deutsch, LLP, New York, N.Y. (Steven C. Mandell of counsel), for appellant.
Kerner & Kerner, New York, N.Y. (Kenneth T. Kerner of counsel), for respondent.
WILLIAM F. MASTRO, J.P., JEFFREY A. COHEN, JOSEPH J. MALTESE, HECTOR D. LASALLE, JJ.
DECISION & ORDERORDERED that the order is reversed, on the law, with costs, and the motion of the defendant Robert Meyerson for summary judgment dismissing the amended complaint insofar as asserted against him is granted.
On April 28, 2014, the plaintiff's decedent underwent arthroscopic surgery on his knee at the defendant New York Methodist Hospital (hereinafter the Hospital). The procedure, which was performed by the defendant Robert Meyerson, went without incident. The surgery was performed under general anesthesia, and the defendant Joel Yarmush was the attending anesthesiologist during the surgery. As the decedent was being transferred from the operating table to a stretcher, he became unresponsive and apneic, and went into cardiac arrest. Efforts to resuscitate the decedent failed, and he died in the operating room. The decedent suffered from, among other conditions, morbid obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, and anxiety.
The plaintiff commenced this action against, among others, Meyerson, Yarmush, and the Hospital, asserting causes of action against those defendants to recover damages, inter alia, for medical malpractice, lack of informed consent, and wrongful death. The plaintiff alleged that Meyerson rendered negligent medical care and treatment, including, among other things, performing arthroscopic surgery and administering anesthesia and/or an endotrachial tube, which were contraindicated in light of the decedent's underlying conditions. Meyerson moved for summary judgment dismissing the amended complaint insofar as asserted against him. The Supreme Court denied the motion, finding that issues of fact existed. Myerson appeals.
" ‘In order to establish the liability of a physician for medical malpractice, a plaintiff must prove that the physician deviated or departed from accepted community standards of practice, and that such departure was a proximate cause of the plaintiff's injuries' " ( Jagenburg v. Chen–Stiebel, 165 A.D.3d 1239, 1239, 85 N.Y.S.3d 558, quoting Stukas v. Streiter, 83 A.D.3d 18, 23, 918 N.Y.S.2d 176 ). A physician seeking summary judgment dismissing a complaint alleging medical malpractice "must make a prima facie showing that there was no departure from good and accepted medical practice or that the plaintiff was not injured thereby" ( Stukas v. Streiter, 83 A.D.3d at 24, 918 N.Y.S.2d 176 ). Where the defendant has satisfied that burden, a plaintiff must "submit evidentiary facts or materials to rebut the defendant's prima facie showing" ( id. at 30, 918 N.Y.S.2d 176 ). " ‘Expert testimony is necessary to prove a deviation from accepted standards of medical care and to establish proximate cause’ " ( Novick v. South Nassau Communities Hosp., 136 A.D.3d 999, 1000, 26 N.Y.S.3d 182, quoting Lyons v. McCauley, 252 A.D.2d 516, 517, 675 N.Y.S.2d 375 ; see Whitnum v. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, P.C., 142 A.D.3d 495, 497, 36 N.Y.S.3d 470 ).
"To establish a cause of action [to recover damages] for malpractice based on lack of informed consent, plaintiff must prove (1) that the person providing the professional treatment failed to disclose alternatives thereto and failed to inform the patient of reasonably foreseeable risks associated with the treatment, and the alternatives, that a reasonable medical practitioner would have disclosed in the same circumstances, (2) that a reasonably prudent patient in the same position would not have undergone the treatment if he or she had been fully informed, and (3) that the lack of informed consent is a proximate cause of the injury" ( Spano v. Bertocci, 299 A.D.2d 335, 337–338, 749 N.Y.S.2d 275 [internal quotation marks omitted]; see Public Health Law § 2805–d[1] ; Whitnum v. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, P.C., 142 A.D.3d at 497–498, 36 N.Y.S.3d 470 ; Khosrova v. Westermann, 109 A.D.3d 965, 971 N.Y.S.2d 565 ).
Here, Meyerson established his prima facie entitlement to judgment as a matter of law dismissing the medical malpractice cause of action insofar as asserted against him by submitting a detailed expert affidavit that was based on the decedent's medical records, demonstrating that the surgery Meyerson performed was in accordance with good and accepted standards of medical practice and was not a proximate cause of the decedent's death (see Mitchell v. Lograno, 108 A.D.3d 689, 692–693, 970 N.Y.S.2d 58 ; Poter v. Adams, 104 A.D.3d 925, 926, 961 N.Y.S.2d 556 ; DiGeronimo v. Fuchs, 101 A.D.3d 933, 936, 957 N.Y.S.2d 167 ). Meyerson also established his prima facie entitlement to judgment as a matter of law dismissing the lack of informed consent cause of action insofar as asserted against him by submitting the affidavit of his expert, portions of his deposition testimony and the deposition testimony of Yarmush and Pradeep Balasubramaniam, a resident anesthesiologist, and documentary evidence, including the written consent forms signed by the decedent. These submissions demonstrated that Meyerson did not fail to obtain the decedent's informed consent to the surgery, that he did not administer anesthesia, and that it was not his duty as the surgeon to inform the patient of the risks and alternatives of anesthesia (see Public Health Law § 2805–d ; Zapata v. Buitriago, 107 A.D.3d 977, 969 N.Y.S.2d 79 ; Matos v. Schwartz, 104 A.D.3d 650, 652, 960 N.Y.S.2d 209 ; Johnson v. Staten Is. Med. Group, 82 A.D.3d 708, 709, 918 N.Y.S.2d 132 ).
The plaintiff contends that Meyerson cannot rely upon the portion of his expert's affidavit which states that the decedent was aware of the risks of the procedure because he signed a consent form for a similar procedure in 2012, because this evidence would be inadmissible pursuant to CPLR 4519, the so-called Dead Man's Statute. CPLR 4519"precludes a party or person interested in the underlying event from offering testimony concerning a personal transaction or communication with the decedent" ( Matter of Rosenblum, 284 A.D.2d 820, 821, 727 N.Y.S.2d 193 ; see CPLR 4519 ; Matter of Wood, 52 N.Y.2d 139, 144, 436 N.Y.S.2d 850, 418 N.E.2d 365 ).
While evidence excludable at trial under CPLR 4519 may be considered in opposition to a motion for summary judgment so long as it is not the sole evidence proffered (see Phillips v. Kantor & Co., 31 N.Y.2d 307, 314, 338 N.Y.S.2d 882, 291 N.E.2d 129 ), such evidence "should not be used to support summary judgment" ( id. at 313, 338 N.Y.S.2d 882, 291 N.E.2d 129 ; see Beyer v. Melgar, 16 A.D.3d 532, 533, 792 N.Y.S.2d 140 ; Friedman v. Sills, 112 A.D.2d 343, 491 N.Y.S.2d 794 ). However, the statute does not bar "the introduction of documentary evidence against a deceased's estate.... [A]n adverse party's introduction of a document authored by a deceased does not violate the Dead Man's Statute, as long as the document is authenticated by a source other than an interested witness's testimony concerning a transaction or communication with the deceased" ( Acevedo v. Audubon Mgt., 280 A.D.2d 91, 95, 721 N.Y.S.2d 332 ; see Miller v. Lu–Whitney, 61 A.D.3d 1043, 1045–1046, 876 N.Y.S.2d 211 ; Yager Pontiac v. Danker & Sons, 41 A.D.2d 366, 368, 343 N.Y.S.2d 209, affd 34 N.Y.2d 707, 356 N.Y.S.2d 860, 313 N.E.2d 340 ). Inasmuch as the expert's affidavit as to the decedent's execution of the form was predicated upon the medical records, which contained the decedent's consent form for the prior surgery and on which the expert relied, and the records were properly authenticated and submitted on the motion, Meyerson properly relied upon the expert opinion to support his motion (see People v. Ortega, 15 N.Y.3d 610, 617, 917 N.Y.S.2d 1, 942 N.E.2d 210 ; Butler v. Cayuga Med. Ctr., 158 A.D.3d 868, 873, 71 N.Y.S.3d 642 ). Accordingly, Meyerson's submissions were sufficient to shift the burden to the plaintiff to raise a triable issue of fact (see Alvarez v. Prospect Hosp., 68 N.Y.2d 320, 324, 508 N.Y.S.2d 923, 501 N.E.2d 572 ).
In response, the plaintiff proffered only the affirmation of her attorney, which failed to raise a triable issue of fact in opposition to Meyerson's prima facie showing of entitlement to judgment as a matter of law dismissing the medical malpractice cause of action insofar as asserted against him. The affirmation did not address or specifically oppose that branch of the motion which was for summary judgment dismissing that cause of action insofar as asserted against Meyerson (see Rebozo v. Wilen, 41 A.D.3d 457, 459, 838 N.Y.S.2d 121 ; see also Raucci v. Shinbrot, 127 A.D.3d 839, 843, 5 N.Y.S.3d 314 ; Bhim v. Dourmashkin, 123 A.D.3d 862, 999 N.Y.S.2d 471 ; Deutsch v. Chaglassian, 71 A.D.3d 718, 719–720, 896 N.Y.S.2d 431 ). Moreover, the plaintiff failed to offer any competent medical evidence to support her allegation of medical malpractice and, in particular, did not present any expert testimony that arthroscopic knee surgery was contraindicated or that the care and treatment rendered by Meyerson departed from the accepted standards of medical practice (see Alvarez v. Prospect Hosp., 68 N.Y.2d at 324–325, 508 N.Y.S.2d 923, 501 N.E.2d 572 ). In that regard, "[g]eneral allegations of medical malpractice, merely conclusory and unsupported by competent evidence tending to establish the essential elements of medical malpractice, are insufficient to defeat [a] defendant['s] ... summary judgment motion" ( id. at 325, 508 N.Y.S.2d 923, 501 N.E.2d 572 ; see Salvia v. St. Catherine of Sienna Med. Ctr., 84 A.D.3d 1053, 1053–1054, 923 N.Y.S.2d 856 ).
The plaintiff also failed to raise a triable issue of fact in opposition to Meyerson's prima facie showing of entitlement to judgment as a matter of law dismissing the lack of informed consent cause of action insofar as asserted against him (see Public Health Law § 2805–d ). The plaintiff's submissions failed to raise a triable issue of fact as to whether Meyerson failed to obtain the decedent's consent to the arthroscopic surgery or whether it was his duty as the surgeon to obtain the decedent's informed consent to the administration of anesthesia and/or an endotrachial tube (see Public Health Law § 2805–d[2] ; see also Alvarez v. Prospect Hosp., 68 N.Y.2d at 324–325, 508 N.Y.S.2d 923, 501 N.E.2d 572 ; Bhim v. Dourmashkin, 123 A.D.3d 862, 999 N.Y.S.2d 471 ).
Inasmuch as the wrongful death and loss of consortium causes of action are premised upon the medical malpractice and lack of informed consent causes of action, Meyerson's motion for summary judgment dismissing the amended complaint insofar as asserted against him should have been granted in its entirety (see generally Wittrock v. Maimonides Med. Ctr.-Maimonides Hosp., 119 A.D.2d 748, 501 N.Y.S.2d 684 ).
MASTRO, J.P., COHEN, MALTESE and LASALLE, JJ., concur.