Summary
In Wood v. Duckworth, 156 Mich. App. 160, 401 N.W.2d 258, the court found that prejudice had occurred where the insured delayed notice for eighteen months, notifying his insurance company only three weeks before the matter at issue was to go to trial.
Summary of this case from Upjohn Co. v. Aetna Cas. and Sur. Co.Opinion
Docket No. 78628.
Decided June 11, 1986. Leave to appeal denied denied, 426 Mich. 876.
Rosemary Scott, for plaintiff.
Smith, Haughey, Rice Roegge (by Lance R. Mather), for American Home Assurance Company.
Plaintiff obtained a judgment against defendant Edward Duckworth, the original administrator of the estate of Kenneth W. Williams, deceased, for damages arising from his negligent and dishonest handling of the estate. Plaintiff, the successor administrator of the estate, attempted to garnish American Home, defendant Duckworth's legal malpractice insurance carrier. Despite its resistance, American Home was ordered to pay damages of $30,000, and now appeals as of right from that order.
American Home's basic objection to the order against it is that its insured, Edward Duckworth, did not comply with the terms of the insurance agreement, which in American Home's view negates the agreement. One of the conditions requires that the insurance company receive notice of a claim or suit:
Upon the insured becoming aware of any act or omission which might reasonably be expected to be the basis of a claim or suit covered hereby, written notice shall be given by or on behalf of the insured to the company or any of its authorized agents as soon as practicable, together with the fullest information obtainable. If claim is made or suit is brought against the insured, the insured shall immediately forward to the company every demand, notice, summons or other process received by him or his representative.
During the proceedings against Duckworth for his negligent handling of the estate, instituted in April of 1979, Duckworth acted in propria persona. He never notified American Home of the action. Duckworth, who was an attorney, said he could not remember whether he had insurance, and later said he did not know who his liability insurer was. Eventually he discovered his policy and notified plaintiff's attorney. She informed American Home by letter dated October 31, 1980, that the suit was pending and that trial was scheduled for November 19, 1980. American Home argues that this notice, three weeks prior to the trial date, was too late to be effective.
Lack of notice of suit by an insured to his insurer is no defense to a garnishment seeking recovery of insurance policy proceeds to satisfy a judgment unless the insurer can show prejudice from the lack of notice of suit. Burgess v. American Fidelity Fire Ins Co, 107 Mich. App. 625, 628; 310 N.W.2d 23 (1981), and cases cited therein. In the absence of prejudice, a mere delay in giving the required notice to an insurer does not work a forfeiture. Id. However, if the delay was unreasonable and the insurer can show prejudice, liability may be excused. Wendel v. Swanberg, 384 Mich. 468, 477-478; 185 N.W.2d 348 (1971).
American Home argues it was prejudiced not only by the very brief time it was afforded to prepare for trial but also by developments which had occurred prior to its notification of the lawsuit. In his answer to the complaint, Duckworth had essentially admitted liability and disputed only the amount of damages incurred. Duckworth had also made inculpatory admissions during pretrial proceedings. American Home faced almost certain liability with little opportunity to control the direction of the legal proceedings. We are left with a firm conviction that the trial court committed a mistake in finding that American Home was not prejudiced by the late notice. See Kermans v. Pendleton, 62 Mich. App. 576, 581-582; 233 N.W.2d 658 (1975).
There also is no basis for concluding that the delay in notification was reasonable. The insured, Duckworth, agreed to notify American Home of any claim or lawsuit, then wholly neglected to do so. An eighteen-month delay in notifying an insurance company of a suit against its insured due to the insured's forgetfulness is not on its face a reasonable delay.
On the facts of this case, where the insured neglected to notify the insurance company of the lawsuit until liability was virtually assured by the damaging admissions of the insured prior to notice, in direct contravention of the insurance agreement, the forfeiture clause of the policy, which provides that no action shall lie against the company unless, as a condition precedent, the insured has fully complied with all the terms of the policy, should take effect.
As this Court observed in Burgess, the practical effect of a ruling in favor of the insurance carrier in a garnishment action often leaves the injured plaintiff with an uncollectible judgment. However, plaintiff in this case instituted and pursued legal proceedings against Duckworth without knowing whether liability insurance existed at all. Furthermore, the consent judgment contemplated Duckworth's personal liability in the event that liability insurance was unavailable to him. Under these circumstances, the interests balanced by the Burgess Court weigh in favor of the insurance carrier.
Because of our decision reversing the garnishment order, we need not address the other issue raised on appeal or the issue presented by the cross-appeal concerning judgment interest.
Reversed.