Summary
holding that a taxpayer is not entitled to judicial review after an equivalent hearing regarding a proposed collection action merely because the Appeals Office mistakenly sent its determination to the taxpayer using the wrong form letter
Summary of this case from Kroner v. Comm'rOpinion
No. 1026–07L.
2008-09-10
Maureen Patricia WILSON, Petitioner v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE, Respondent.
Maureen Patricia Wilson, pro se. Laura Daly and A. Gary Begun, for respondent.
P did not timely request a hearing with R's Appeals Office with respect to a proposed levy action. As a result, that office held an equivalent hearing with respect to that proposed action. Thereafter, R's Appeals Office sent P a document entitled “NOTICE OF DETERMINATION CONCERNING COLLECTION ACTION(S) UNDER SECTION 6320 and/or 6330” in which that office recited those facts. In the document that R's Appeals Office sent P, that office concluded that it was sustaining the proposed levy action and that P was not entitled to seek judicial review of the conclusions in that document. Inconsistently, R's Appeals Office concluded in the document that it sent P that P was entitled to seek judicial review of the conclusions therein by timely filing a petition with the Court.
Held: The document that R's Appeals Office sent P does not embody a determination under sec. 6330, I.R.C. Held, further, that document is not a valid notice of determination under sec. 6330, I.R.C., that P is entitled to appeal under sec. 6330(d)(1), I.R.C. Held, further, the Court does not have jurisdiction over this case. Maureen Patricia Wilson, pro se. Laura Daly and A. Gary Begun, for respondent.
OPINION
CHIECHI, Judge.
This case is before the Court on its Order dated May 30, 2008 (Court's Show Cause Order), in which the Court ordered each party to file a written response to that Order showing why this case should not be dismissed for lack of jurisdiction. We shall make the Court's Show Cause Order absolute and dismiss this case for lack of jurisdiction.
The record establishes and/or the parties do not dispute the following.
Petitioner's address shown in the petition in this case was in Belleville, Michigan.
On June 29, 1998, respondent assessed against petitioner a trust fund recovery penalty under section 6672
of $37,560.77 that was attributable to the respective unpaid Federal tax liabilities of New Wave Communications, Inc., for the periods ended June 30, 1996, through September 30, 1997.
All section references are to the Internal Revenue Code in effect at all relevant times.
(We shall refer to any unpaid assessed portion of that penalty, as well as interest as provided by law accrued after June 29, 1998, as petitioner's unpaid liability.)
On Apr. 15, 2003, respondent credited a refund of $507 due to petitioner for her taxable year 2002 against the unpaid trust fund recovery penalty that respondent had assessed against her on June 29, 1998.
On June 29, 1998, respondent issued to petitioner a notice of balance due with respect to petitioner's unpaid liability.
On July 19, 2003, respondent issued to petitioner a final notice of intent to levy and notice of your right to a hearing (notice of intent to levy) with respect to petitioner's unpaid liability.
Petitioner did not submit to respondent Form 12153, Request for a Collection Due Process Hearing, until March 6, 2006. Thereafter, respondent granted petitioner an equivalent hearing with respondent's Appeals Office (Appeals Office) with respect to the notice of intent to levy.
On December 20, 2006, the Appeals Office issued to petitioner a document (Appeals Office December 20, 2006 document) that included a form letter entitled “NOTICE OF DETERMINATION CONCERNING COLLECTION ACTION(S) UNDER SECTION 6320 and/or 6330” (section 6330 determination form letter). The Appeals Office is supposed to use that form letter where it makes a determination under section 6330 to sustain a proposed collection action.
See Internal Revenue Manual ( IRM) pt. 8.22.1.1.1.2.1(4) (Oct. 19, 2007).
Instead of using the section 6330 determination form letter, the Appeals Office is supposed to use a form letter entitled “Decision Letter Concerning Equivalent Hearing Under Section 6320 and/or 6330 of the Internal Revenue Code” (form decision letter) where the taxpayer did not timely request a hearing with that office under sec. 6330 and an equivalent hearing was granted. See IRM pt. 8.22.1.3.2(3) (Oct. 19, 2007).
The section 6330 determination form letter contains certain boilerplate language that states in pertinent part:
We have reviewed the collection actions that were taken or proposed for the period(s) shown above. This letter is your Notice of Determination, as required by law. A summary of our determination is stated below. The attached statement shows, in detail, the matters we considered at your Appeals hearing and our conclusions about them.
If you want to dispute this determination in court, you must file a petition with the United States Tax Court within 30 days from the date of this letter.
The section 6330 determination form letter also contains certain information specific to the taxpayer to whom it is issued, such as the name and the address of the taxpayer, the type of tax at issue, the tax period at issue, and the Appeals Office's “ Summary of Determination ” regarding the action proposed to collect the taxpayer's tax liability.
The Appeals Office December 20, 2006 document contained the boilerplate language discussed above. That document also contained the following “ Summary of Determination ” that pertained to petitioner:
Collection Due Process (CDP) requested regarding the proposed levy action.
The request was received 3/10/2006.
LT 1058 was sent to the taxpayers [sic] last known address on 7/19/2003.
Therefore, the request made was not timely.
Based on the telephone conference and the administrative file the collection action is sustained.
See the attached Appeals Case Memorandum.
The Appeals case memorandum included as part of the Appeals Office December 20, 2006 document stated in pertinent part:
* Per review of computer transcripts, the CDP notice Letter 11 (LT–11) Final Notice—of Intent to Levy, and Notice of Your Right to a Hearing was sent by Certified Mail, Return Receipt Requested, to the taxpayer's last known address, which was also the address, indicated on the CDP hearing request. The date of the notice was July 19, 2003.
* IRC 6330 * * * allows a taxpayer to raise any relevant issues relating to the unpaid tax or the proposed levy at the due process hearing. The Form 12153, Request for a Collection Due Process Hearing was received March 10, 2006, which was more than 30 days from the date of the LT11. Although the taxpayer's request was not timely regarding the levy, the taxpayer was granted an Equivalent Hearing—equivalent in all respects except that the taxpayer will not have the right to judicial review. Therefore, the decision of Appeals will be final regarding the Notice of levy.
On June 4, 2008, respondent filed a response to the Court's Show Cause Order (respondent's response). Although the Court ordered petitioner to file a response to that Order, she did not do so.
On July 8, 2008, the Court held a hearing on the Court's Show Cause Order. There was no appearance by or on behalf of petitioner. Counsel for respondent appeared and was heard.
On July 22, 2008, respondent filed a supplement to respondent's response. In respondent's response as supplemented, respondent indicates that it is respondent's position that the Court does not have jurisdiction over the instant case.
Our jurisdiction under section 6330(d)(1) depends upon the issuance of a valid notice of determination and a timely filed petition. Offiler v. Commissioner, 114 T.C. 492, 498, 2000 WL 777218 (2000). In Offiler, the Court addressed whether it had jurisdiction under section 6330(d)(1) where the taxpayer had failed to request timely a hearing with the Appeals Office under section 6330. The Court held in Offiler that (1) because the taxpayer there involved did not timely request such a hearing, “Appeals made no determination pursuant to section 6330(c)”, id. at 497, and (2) “Because there was no Appeals determination for this Court to review, there is simply no basis for our jurisdiction under section 6330(d)”, id. at 498. See also Moorhous v. Commissioner, 116 T.C. 263, 269–270, 2001 WL 406389 (2001); Kennedy v. Commissioner, 116 T.C. 255, 261–263, 2001 WL 406385 (2001).
In determining whether the Court had jurisdiction under section 6330(d)(1) in Lunsford v. Commissioner, 117 T.C. 159, 2001 WL 1521578 (2001), the Court restated the principle set forth in Offiler that its jurisdiction under that section depended upon the issuance of a valid notice of determination and a timely filed petition. Id. at 161. According to the Court in Lunsford, “Our jurisdiction under section 6330(d)(1) * * * is established when there is a written notice that embodies a determination to proceed with the collection of the taxes in issue, and a timely filed petition.”
Id. at 164. In determining whether the Court had jurisdiction under section 6330(d)(1), the Court indicated in Lunsford that there was “nothing in the notice of determination which leads us to conclude that the determination was invalid.” Id. at 165. The Court held in Lunsford that it had jurisdiction over that case. Id.
In Lunsford v. Commissioner, 117 T.C. 159, 164, 2001 WL 1521578 (2001), the Court concluded that in determining whether the Court had jurisdiction under sec. 6330(d)(1) the nonjurisdictional provisions of sec. 6330, such as the provisions relating to whether there was an appropriate hearing opportunity, whether the hearing was conducted properly, whether the hearing was fair, and whether the hearing was conducted by an impartial Appeals officer, are not to be taken into consideration.
In Craig v. Commissioner, 119 T.C. 252, 2002 WL 31526562 (2002), the Court addressed whether it had jurisdiction under section 6330(d)(1) where the Appeals Office had issued to the taxpayer a form decision letter
after the taxpayer had timely requested a hearing with that office under section 6330. The form decision letter involved in Craig stated that (1) the taxpayer did not timely request a hearing with the Appeals Office under section 6330, (2) the Appeals Office granted the taxpayer an equivalent hearing, (3) the Appeals Office concluded that it was sustaining the proposed collection action, and (4) the taxpayer was not entitled to seek judicial review of the conclusions in that form letter. Id. at 256. The Commissioner of Internal Revenue, however, acknowledged in Craig that the taxpayer did timely request a hearing with the Appeals Office under section 6330. Id. at 253. The Court held in Craig that “where Appeals issued the decision letter to * * * [the taxpayer] in response to * * * [the taxpayer's] timely request for a Hearing, * * * the ‘decision’ reflected in the decision letter * * * is a ‘determination’ for purposes of section 6330(d)(1).” Id. at 259. In reaching that holding, the Court indicated in Craig that
See supra note 3.
Although the Appeals officer concludes an equivalent hearing by issuing a decision letter, as opposed to a notice of determination, the different names which are assigned to these documents are merely a distinction without a difference when it comes to our jurisdiction over this case, where a Hearing was timely requested.
* * *
* * * The fact that respondent held with * * * [the taxpayer] a hearing labeled as an equivalent hearing, rather than a hearing labeled as a Hearing, and that respondent issued to petitioner a document labeled as a decision letter, rather than a document labeled as a notice of determination, does not erase the fact that * * * [the taxpayer] received a “determination” within the meaning of section 6330(d)(1). * * * Id. at 258–259.
In the instant case, the Appeals Office used a section 6330 determination form letter when it notified petitioner in the Appeals Office December 20, 2006 document of its conclusions regarding her appeal with respect to the proposed levy action. As a result, the Appeals Office December 20, 2006 document was entitled “NOTICE OF DETERMINATION CONCERNING COLLECTION ACTION(S) UNDER SECTION 6320 and/or 6330” and contained, inter alia, the following boilerplate language: “If you want to dispute this determination in court, you must file a petition with the United States Tax Court within 30 days from the date of this letter.” However, the Appeals Office December 20, 2006 document also contained the following statements that pertained to petitioner: (1) Petitioner did not timely request a hearing with the Appeals Office with respect to the notice of intent to levy; (2) the Appeals Office granted petitioner an equivalent hearing with respect to that notice; (3) the Appeals Office concluded that it was sustaining the proposed levy action; and (4) petitioner was not entitled to seek judicial review of the conclusions in the Appeals Office December 20, 2006 document.
The Appeals Office December 20, 2006 document is internally inconsistent.
We must decide whether that document embodies a determination under section 6330. We cannot resolve that question on the basis of the Appeals Office's conclusion in the Appeals Office December 20, 2006 document that it was sustaining the proposed levy action. That is because a determination that the Appeals Office makes under section 6330 where the taxpayer timely requested a hearing under that section and a decision that the Appeals Office makes where the taxpayer did not timely request a hearing under section 6330 both will indicate that the Appeals Office is sustaining the proposed collection action. See, e.g., Lunsford v. Commissioner, 117 T.C. 159, 2001 WL 1521578 (2001); Moorhous v. Commissioner, 116 T.C. 263, 2001 WL 406389 (2001). Nor can we resolve whether the Appeals Office December 20, 2006 document embodies a determination under section 6330 on the basis of the Appeals Office's having sent to petitioner a section 6330 determination form letter entitled “NOTICE OF DETERMINATION CONCERNING COLLECTION ACTION(S) UNDER SECTION 6320 and/or 6330”. That is because the name or the label of a document does not control whether the document embodies a determination under section 6330. See Craig v. Commissioner, 119 T.C. at 258–259.
Unlike the Appeals Office December 20, 2006 document involved in the instant case, the notice of determination involved in Lunsford v. Commissioner, supra, was not internally inconsistent. In Lunsford, there was nothing in the notice of determination involved there that led the Court to conclude that that notice was not valid. Id. at 165. Similarly, the notice of determination involved in Kim v. Commissioner, T.C. Memo.2005–96, was not internally inconsistent. Like Lunsford and unlike the instant case, in Kim there was nothing in the notice of determination involved there that led the Court to conclude that that notice was not valid. In respondent's response as supplemented, respondent takes the position that Kim was wrongly decided. We need not address that position. That is because Kim is materially distinguishable from the instant case.
We can, however, resolve whether the Appeals Office December 20, 2006 document embodies a determination under section 6330 on the basis of the undisputed statement in that document that petitioner did not timely request a hearing with the Appeals Office under section 6330(b) with respect to the notice of intent to levy.
In determining whether the Court has jurisdiction under section 6330(d)(1), the Court must take into consideration the jurisdictional provision in section 6330(b) prescribing the 30–day period within which a taxpayer must request a hearing with the Appeals Office.
Petitioner does not dispute, and the record independently establishes, that petitioner did not timely request a hearing with the Appeals Office with respect to the notice of intent to levy.
See Offiler v. Commissioner, 114 T.C. at 497–498. Because petitioner did not timely request a hearing with the Appeals Office with respect to the notice of intent to levy, that office did not make a determination under section 6330. See id. at 497. We hold that the Appeals Office December 20, 2006 document does not embody a determination under section 6330. We further hold that the Appeals Office December 20, 2006 document is not a valid notice of determination under section 6330 that petitioner is entitled to appeal pursuant to section 6330(d)(1). Accordingly, we hold that we do not have jurisdiction over this case.
The instant case is thus unlike Lunsford v. Commissioner, 117 T.C. 159, 2001 WL 1521578 (2001). In Lunsford, the Court indicated that the nonjurisdictional provisions in sec. 6330 are not to be taken into consideration in determining whether the Court has jurisdiction under sec. 6330(d)(1). Id. at 164. See supra note 4.
On June 6, 2007, respondent filed a motion for summary judgment. We shall deem that motion moot.
To reflect the foregoing,
An order making the Court's Show Cause Order absolute and dismissing this case for lack of jurisdiction will be entered.