Opinion
November, 1904.
Frank Verner Johnson, for the appellant.
Dudley R. Horton, for the respondent.
The plaintiff has recovered a verdict of $3,500 for personal injuries sustained through the negligence of the defendant. Upon the evidence the plaintiff's freedom from contributory negligence and the defendant's negligence were questions for the jury. An exception to certain items of evidence relating to the question of damages requires a new trial. The plaintiff was struck and run over by a truck which was being backed by hand down an incline over a sidewalk along which she was passing. She alleged, concerning her injuries, that she was thrown to the sidewalk; that the wheels of the truck passed over her "whereby she sustained many contusions and bruises of the body and limbs, was made sick and sore, and her nervous system received a severe shock, from all of which she suffered and still suffers great pain and agony, was taken to a hospital, where she still remains," and upon information and belief alleges "that it will be a long time before she will be able, if indeed she is ever able, to carry on her occupation which is that of a nurse." She further alleges upon information and belief that she will from time to time require the services of a physician, and "that the injuries above set forth will be the whole or in part permanent." No bill of particulars of the injuries appears to have been demanded or given.
A physician who examined the plaintiff about two weeks before the trial, called in her own behalf, was asked whether her powers of locomotion were impaired. Counsel for the defendant objected as immaterial, incompetent and irrelevant, unless it was connected with the injuries to which the doctor had testified. The court ruled that the physician might state whether her locomotion was impaired as a result of the injuries he found upon her and the witness answered that her locomotion was impaired as a result of the injuries she received. Counsel for the defendant then moved to strike out the evidence upon the ground, among others, that it was not within the issues. The motion was denied, and the defendant excepted. The witness then, in answer to a further question as to how her locomotion was impaired, said, "by virtue of locomotor ataxia which she has developed," which he said resulted from the injuries and disabled her from walking with any degree of certainty without the assistance of another person or a cane. At the close of the evidence, counsel for the defendant moved to strike this evidence out upon the ground, among others, that it could not be considered an element of damage under the pleadings. The motion was denied and the defendant excepted. The court allowed the jury to determine if the plaintiff had locomotor ataxia as a result of the injuries and, if they found in the affirmative, to award damages therefor. The verdict borders on excessiveness. With the exception of the locomotor ataxia the injuries sustained by the plaintiff were comparatively slight and there was a speedy recovery. There was a sharp conflict in the medical testimony as to whether locomotor ataxia could result from such injury. It is a distinct disease, and while, if the testimony of the plaintiff's physician is to be accepted, it did result from the injuries, and may, therefore, be said to be the natural result, it would not ordinarily have resulted therefrom and was not, therefore, the necessary and immediate result. As I understand the rule, where, as here, a distinct disease develops from the injury which may but does not always result from like injuries, it is incumbent on the plaintiff if he wishes to recover therefor to specially allege the same. ( Kleiner v. Third Ave. R.R. Co., 162 N.Y. 193; Uransky v. D.D., E.B. B.R.R. Co., 118 id. 304; Gumb v. Twenty-third St. R. Co., 114 id. 411; Ramson v. Met. St. R. Co., 78 App. Div. 101; affd., 177 N.Y. 578; Ackman v. Third Ave. R.R. Co., 52 App. Div. 483.)
This case is distinguishable from Ehrgott v. Mayor ( 96 N.Y. 264), where the allegations of the complaint were quite general. Here the allegations of the complaint are specific as to the injuries. The only allegation that may be said to be at all general is that her nervous system received a severe shock from which she still suffers great pain and agony. Manifestly, these allegations do not embrace a disease which resulted from the shock unless that result would be inevitable, which the evidence does not show.
The defendant's motion to strike out the evidence at the close of the testimony was timely made. Until the plaintiff's evidence, at least, was all in, it could not be known but that it would be shown that locomotor ataxia would naturally and necessarily result from such a shock to the nervous system.
It follows, therefore, that the court erred in denying the motion to strike out the evidence, and the judgment and order should be reversed and a new trial ordered, with costs to appellant to abide the event.
VAN BRUNT, P.J., O'BRIEN and HATCH, JJ., concurred; PATTERSON, J., dissented.
Judgment and order reversed and new trial ordered, costs to appellant to abide event.