Opinion
November 17, 1925. Rehearing Denied February 19, 1926.
JUDGMENT: Amendment and Correction in Same Court — Modification 1 Under Curative and Legalizing Act. A decree which adjudges the rights of the public under a statute as it exists at the date of the decree may, after the term and after the enactment of a curative and legalizing act, be so modified as to express the public rights under the statute as it exists under the curative act. (See Book of Anno., Vol. 1, Secs. 10803, 12787.)
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW: Legislative Powers — Usurpation of Judicial
Authority. et seq.)
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW: Legislative Authority — Curative and
Legalizing Acts.
APPEAL AND ERROR: Presentation and Reservation of Grounds —
Constitutional Questions.
Headnote 1: 21 C.J. p. 716 (Anno.) .Headnote 2: 12 C.J. p. 829. Headnote 3: 12 C.J. p. 821 (Anno.) Headnote 4: 3 C.J. p. 710.
Appeal from Adams District Court. — HOMER FULLER, Judge.
PROCEEDINGS on motion filed by defendant in the court below to modify a decree in equity after the term at which the same was entered. Motion sustained. Plaintiffs appeal. — Affirmed.
Dalton Knop and Ed Fackler, for appellants.
Ben J. Gibson, Attorney-general, Herbert A. Huff, Assistant Attorney-general, and Carl Stanley, for appellee.
On April 18, 1924, a decree was entered in the district court of Adams County, permanently enjoining appellee, who is the treasurer of Adams County, from collecting certain taxes purporting to have been levied under the 1. JUDGMENT: authority of Chapter 48, Acts of the Fortieth amendment General Assembly, relating to the eradication of and bovine tuberculosis, and canceling the lien of correction said taxes. A portion of the tax having been in same paid, the court retained jurisdiction to make court: further orders respecting the disposition modification thereof. No appeal was taken from this judgment. under On April 23, 1924, a curative act, known as curative and Chapter 24, Acts of the Extra Session of the legalizing Fortieth General Assembly, attempting to cure act. prior defects in the statute and to legalize the prior levy of taxes thereunder, and directing the treasurer to collect and distribute the same in accordance with the statute as legalized, became effective.
On October 3, 1924, appellee filed a motion to modify the above decree, so as to permit the carrying out of the provisions of the curative act. Appellants moved to strike the above motion from the files, upon the ground that it was a mere attempt to relitigate the matters involved and already disposed of by final decree, and that the court was without jurisdiction to entertain the motion or to modify the decree. The motion to strike was overruled, and appellants filed answer, setting up merely that the decree was final, and that all matters involved in the action were fully adjudicated thereby, and that the court was without jurisdiction to hear the said motion or to modify or vacate the decree or any part thereof.
The validity of the curative act is in no way attacked by appellants, and we shall, therefore, treat it as valid. Nor was any claim made in the court below that the original act, as supplemented by the curative act, is invalid. 2. CONSTITU- Many authorities are cited by counsel for TIONAL LAW: appellants to sustain the well recognized rule legislative that the legislature cannot exercise judicial powers: powers, and cannot reverse, vacate, or overrule usurpation the judgment or decree of a court. McCullough v. of judicial Virginia, 172 U.S. 102 (19 Sup. Ct. Rep. 134); authority. People ex rel. Lafferty v. Owen, 286 Ill. 638 (122 N.E. 132); McNichol v. United States Merc. Rep. Agency, 74 Mo. 457; Skinner v. Holt, 9 S.D. 427 (69 N.W. 595); Chicago R.I.R. Co. v. People ex rel. McCord, 219 Ill. 408 (76 N.E. 571); Ex parte Darling, 16 Nev. 98 (40 Am. Rep. 495); People ex rel. Sprague v. Clark, 300 Ill. 583 (133 N.E. 247); In re Petition of Siblerud, 148 Minn. 347 (182 N.W. 168).
It is also equally well settled that the legislature may validate that which has previously been declared invalid in a judicial proceeding, particularly where a public right is involved. Hodges v. Snyder, 45 S.D. 149 (186 3. CONSTITU- N.W. 867); Hodges v. Snyder, 261 U.S. 600 (67 L. TIONAL LAW: Ed. 819); State of Pennsylvania v. Wheeling legislative Belmont Bridge Co., 59 U.S. 421 (15 L. Ed. 435); authority: Utter v. Franklin, 172 U.S. 416 (43 L. Ed. 498); curative and Donly v. City of Pittsburgh, 147 Pa. St. 348 (23 legalizing Atl. 394); Blount v. City of Janesville, 31 Wis. acts. 648; Nottage v. City of Portland, 35 Or. 539 (58 P. 883); Richman v. Supervisors Muscatine County, 77 Iowa 513; City of Emporia v. Bates, 16 Kans. 495; Hall v. Street Commissioners, 177 Mass. 434 (59 N.E. 68); Lewis County v. Gordon, 20 Wn. 80 (54 P. 779); Skagit County v. McLean, 20 Wn. 92 (54 P. 781); State v. Henry, 28 Wn. 38 (68 P. 368); State v. Newark N.Y.R. Co., 34 N.J. Law 301; Howell v. City of Buffalo, 37 N.Y. 267; Mills v. Charleton, 29 Wis. 400; Marion County v. Louisville N.R. Co., 91 Ky. 388 (15 S.W. 1061).
Appellee does not in argument claim that the court has power to vacate or modify a decree in equity adjudicating vested private rights, after the term at which it was entered, in a proceeding such as we are considering. We shall, therefore, assume, without discussion or decision, for the purposes of this appeal, that the contention of appellants on this point is sound. This does not, however, necessarily dispose of the case. In the absence of some attack on the validity of the statute, we will treat it as in all respects valid and enforcible. The validity of the curative act being assumed, the modification allowed, which practically dissolved the injunction, had the effect only of conforming the decree to the statute, which permitted the levy and collection of the taxes notwithstanding the decree previously entered.
As in the South Dakota case cited supra, after the curative act was passed, the reasons upon which the decree was rendered no longer existed. The decree simply declared the status as it existed at the time of its rendition, and necessarily imposed no restrictions upon the legislature to pass a curative act legalizing the levy of a tax that it could have previously validly authorized. It was not only within the power of the court to modify its previous holding to conform to a valid legalizing act, but it would have been its duty in any subsequent proceeding to give full effect thereto, notwithstanding its previous decree. As to whether the legalizing act is in fact valid, or whether it is invalid because an attempt to vacate, reverse, or overrule the decision of a court of competent jurisdiction, we express no opinion. That question is not before us.
If Chapter 24, Acts of the Extra Session of the Fortieth General Assembly, is invalid, it is because it encroaches upon the judicial power of the state. The question of constitutionality of a statute not properly 4. APPEAL AND raised in the court below will not be passed ERROR: upon by this court on appeal. If we assume that presentation prior defects in the statute were cured by the and legalizing act, then the question presented upon reservation this appeal is, in effect, moot, and a reversal of grounds: will not be granted. It will be observed that constitu- the court in its original decree reserved the tional right to direct appellee by a further order as questions. to the disposition to be made of the taxes already collected by him. In so far as the decree appealed from directed the treasurer in this respect, it is not a modification of the former decree, but is in itself a final order by the court. The ruling of the court modifying its previous decree is, for the reason pointed out, affirmed. — Affirmed.
FAVILLE, C.J., and EVANS, ALBERT, and MORLING, JJ., concur.