Opinion
July Term, 1903.
Albridge C. Smith, for the appellant.
Alexander Cameron [ Arnold W. Sherman with him on the brief], for the respondent.
The complaint alleges the plaintiff's ownership in fee of premises at Bayside, in the borough of Queens and city of New York, including a portion of the street known as Bell avenue, the incorporation of the defendant and its intention to erect its telephone or telegraph line through, over, under or along some portion of the plaintiff's property included in Bell avenue, and prays judgment for an injunction. A temporary injunction was granted; a motion was made to continue it and this motion was denied. From the order denying this motion the plaintiff appeals.
We think that the order should be affirmed. The complaint does not allege any damage to the plaintiff except such as may be implied from the allegation that the defendant proposes to erect a line upon a public highway, the bed of which is owned by the plaintiff.
It is not the policy of courts to decide upon motion so important a question as is presented by the pleadings; and this is all the more true when the gravity of the question has arisen from differing opinions.
In Eels v. A.T. T. Co. ( 143 N.Y. 133) it was held that the defendant corporation had no right to appropriate any portion of a rural public highway to its own special and continuous use by setting up poles therein for the purpose of supporting telegraph or telephone wires without the consent of an adjoining owner who owned the fee of the highway, and without having acquired the right by condemnation proceedings. This decision, however, was by the terms of the opinion expressly confined to country highways, Judge PECKHAM saying that the easement in a public street in a city or village might well be greater, and declaring that the court did not intimate that the defendant either would or would not have the right to place its poles in a city street without compensation to the owner, even if he owned to the center of the street. The distinction thus suggested was applied by the Appellate Division in the fourth department in the case of Castle v. Bell Telephone Co. ( 49 App. Div. 437), where it was held that the placing by a private corporation of a conduit for telephone wires under the surface of a street the fee of which was in the abutting owners did not constitute an additional burden upon the street which would entitle the abutting owners to additional compensation. The same doctrine was amplified by the same court in Johnson v. N.Y. Penn. T. T. Co. ( 76 App. Div. 564), where the right to use a village street for telephone poles and wires without obtaining the consent of the abutting owners of the fee thereof was upheld, the court being of the opinion that, in regard to the use to which they may be put, village streets may be treated as city streets rather than as rural highways.
In the present case the plaintiff's property is described as being situated at Bayside in the county of Queens, on a street or avenue known as Bell avenue. The papers disclose no particulars as to the character of this avenue. We are not informed whether it possesses the characteristics of a built-up city street, or is to all intents and purposes merely a rural highway. The city of New York as now constituted comprises many square miles of territory which are nothing more than farming districts, and the question will some time have to be determined whether the rights of telephone companies in such districts fall within the doctrine of the Eels case or within the doctrine of those decisions which we have cited from the fourth department. The meagerness of the record on the present appeal renders it impossible to determine that question in this case now. It may fairly be presented, however, after a trial upon the merits, where evidence upon this subject can be laid before the Special Term. Under the circumstances, therefore, we deem it proper to affirm the order refusing to continue the preliminary injunction, and leave this important question of law to be determined by an appeal from the final judgment.
BARTLETT and HOOKER, JJ., concurred; HIRSCHBERG, J., dissented in memorandum, in which JENKS, J., concurred.
I dissent. Until the question is settled otherwise by controlling authority, I desire to vote that the erection of poles in streets, urban or rural, for telephone purposes, is a use for other than street purposes and may be enjoined by the owner of the soil. Although no damage is alleged, an unlawful invasion of real property may be restrained even if the tendency of the trespass be to create an improvement.
JENKS, J., concurred.
Order affirmed, with ten dollars costs and disbursements.