Opinion
Rehearing denied.
APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County and from an order denying a new trial. Waldo M. York, Judge.
COUNSEL:
George H. Smith, for Appellant.
A. M. Stephens, Edwin A. Meserve, and Shirley C. Ward, for Respondent.
JUDGES: In Bank. Harrison, J. Temple, J., and Henshaw, J., concurred. Beatty, C. J., concurring. Garoutte, J., dissented. McFarland, J., dissenting.
OPINION
HARRISON, Judge
[56 P. 59] The parties hereto entered into an agreement in writing February 24, 1893, by which the plaintiff agreed to sell to the defendant for the sum of four thousand seven hundred and fifty dollars certain property in the city of Los Angeles, and the defendant agreed to buy the same and pay said sum of money within thirty days thereafter. The circumstances leading up to this agreement are as follows, viz: The title to the property in question was originally in Francisca D. de Labracco, and in an action by Yorba, the defendant herein, against Labracco the property was attached March 5, 1892, and judgment was rendered in his favor April 20, 1892. Execution was issued upon this judgment July 10, 1892, and on August 20th the property was sold by the sheriff to Yorba. Prior to March, 1892, an action had been commenced against Labracco by one Bacon, in which a judgment was docketed against Labracco March 31, 1892, and under this judgment the property was sold to one Jarvis, and a sheriff's deed issued to him January 27, 1893. Jarvis immediately took possession of the property, and on January 30, 1893, conveyed the same to Ward, the plaintiff herein. By this conveyance the plaintiff became at its date vested with Labracco's title to the property, subject to whatever rights Yorba had acquired therein by the attachment and subsequent proceedings in his action against Labracco. Prior to February 24th negotiations on behalf of the plaintiff and defendant had been had for an adjustment of their claims to the property, and on the morning of that day Mr. Munday, as attorney for Yorba, and in company with him, visited the office of Mr. Meserve for the purpose of completing the negotiations and purchasing the property from Ward. Munday had previously advised Yorba that Ward's claim was superior to his own, and that his best course was, to buy the property, but he saw on that morning that he was mistaken, and it was also conceded by Meserve, after an examination of the abstract, that Yorba's claim was paramount to that of Ward. As a result of the negotiations upon that morning an instrument setting forth the above agreement was prepared and signed by the plaintiff and the defendant. Before the expiration of the thirty days Yorba was advised that he was not bound to carry out the contract, and gave to the plaintiff a notice of rescission, and afterward declined to make the payment provided in the instrument. Thereupon the plaintiff brought the present action. In his complaint he alleges that the written instrument does not express the actual agreement which was made, and that by a mistake of the scrivener it is drawn so as to require a conveyance of the property, whereas the agreement itself was for a purchase and transfer of merely his right, title, and interest therein, and he asks that the instrument be reformed accordingly, and that he have judgment against the defendant for its performance as so reformed. The court found in favor of this claim, and rendered judgment accordingly. This finding and the judgment thereon are assigned by the defendant as error.
1. The plaintiff was not entitled to have the instrument reformed as he had asked, unless he should show by satisfactory evidence that the agreement between him and the defendant was as he had alleged, and was so understood by both the defendant and himself when they signed the instrument. The court could not make a new contract for the parties, but could only cause their actual agreement to be expressed according to its terms; nor could it reform the instrument according to the terms in which Ward understood it, unless it should be shown that Yorba also had the same understanding of its terms. The terms of the written instrument which they signed would prevail over their previous negotiations, unless it should be shown that, by reason of a mutual mistake, it did not express their actual agreement.
At the time the instrument in question was signed, Ward was represented by Mr. Meserve as his attorney, and was himself in an adjoining office, and Yorba was represented by Mr. Munday. Yorba could neither speak nor understand English, and the negotiations for the purchase were in fact conducted between Meserve and Munday -- Meserve consulting with Ward from time to time, and Munday communicating with Yorba through an interpreter. There is evidence in the record that Ward proposed to sell only his interest in the land, and that this proposition was communicated to Munday, and was assented to by him; but it does not appear that the proposition was communicated by Munday to Yorba, or that it was agreed to by the latter. Munday was Yorba's attorney for the purpose of advising him in reference to the contract to be made, but he did not represent him for the purpose of making the contract. He had no authority from Yorba to make a contract for him, and evidence of his agreement with Ward to purchase his "interest" in the land would not bind Yorba, unless Yorba himself assented thereto. Munday had advised Yorba that he must either buy the property from Ward, or have a lawsuit on his hands, and Meserve testified that they came to his office that morning "with the proposition to buy and close out this property." While there Yorba authorized Munday to offer four thousand five hundred dollars "for the property," and after making this offer it was increased by Munday to four thousand seven hundred and fifty dollars. Neither Meserve nor Ward had any direct communication with Yorba, and there is no evidence that a proposition for the purchase by Yorba of Ward's "interest" in the land, as distinguished from a purchase of the land itself, was ever communicated to him. On the other hand, Yorba and Sanchez -- the interpr eter -- both testified that the negotiations [56 P. 60] on the 24th and the offer by Yorba were for a purchase of the "property."
In seeking a reformation of the instrument, it was not sufficient for the plaintiff merely to show that Munday had assented to his proposition. It was also necessary to show that this proposition was communicated to Yorba and was assented to by him, for the court can reform the instrument only for the purpose of having it express the understanding and agreement of Yorba, and not that of Munday. Under these considerations, it must be held that the evidence before the court did not authorize it to direct a reformation of the instrument.
2. Upon the facts as found by the court, Yorba's title to the land at the date of the agreement was superior to that of Ward. His purchase at the sheriff's sale related to the date of the attachment in the action in the judgment under which the sale was made, and antedated the lien of the judgment under which Ward's purchase was made. By this sale to him he acquired all the title that Labracco had at the date of that attachment, subject to redemption within six months from his purchase. The period of this redemption expired February 20th, so that on the 24th his right to the land had become absolute. For the purpose of vesting him with the evidence of his title he had still to procure the sheriff's deed, but Ward had lost all right or interest in the land by failing to redeem from this sale within the six months, and whatever right in the land he acquired by his purchase at the sheriff's sale was extinguished. Under the agreement with the plaintiff Yorba would therefore acquire nothing from Ward to which he was not already entitled, and his promise to pay four thousand seven hundred and fifty dollars was without any consideration. As under the law Ward would be under obligation to surrender the property upon the execution of the sheriff's deed, such surrender could form no consideration for the promise of Yorba. The court finds, however, that the consideration to the defendant for the agreement was the compromise of a claim that the attachment under which his purchase was made was invalid. There is no evidence, however, that there had been any question between the plaintiff and the defendant of the validity of the attachment under which Yorba claimed the land prior to the trial of the present action. The only dispute between them at the time of the contract was as to the priority of their respective liens, but the record fails to show that there was any question of the sufficiency of either. At the trial herein the plaintiff attempted to show that the attachment in Yorba's suit was defective, and did not create a lien, but the court found against him on this issue. There was no evidence, however, that any claim of this defect was brought in question prior to entering into the contract of February 24th. No such claim is made in the complaint herein, and the finding of the court that there was is without any evidence to support it.
3. Section 3391 of the Civil Code declares: "Specific performance cannot be enforced against a party to a contract. .. . if he has not received an adequate consideration for the contract." This provision, however, is but an affirmance of the doctrine by which courts of equity were previously governed. (Bruck v. Tucker , 42 Cal. 354.) As the defendant was the owner of the land at the date of the contract, and as the interest of the plaintiff therein had been extinguished by reason of his failure to redeem from the sale to the defendant, under this section of the Civil Code, the plaintiff is not entitled to the relief he seeks.
The judgment and order are reversed.
CONCUR
BEATTY
BEATTY, C. J., concurring. I concur in the judgment and generally in the opinion of Justice Harrison. It seems proper, however, to add with respect to the alleged mistake in the written contract that the evidence is in my opinion sufficient to sustain the view that Yorba fully understood at the date of the contract that he was not bargaining for a perfect title to the property, but only such interest as Ward had acquired by his deed from Jarvis, and that he was to take that title subject to the Davilla claim and the lien of the Bacon judgment, both of which encumbrances he was to take care of. On the other hand, it is clear that up to the time the parties met to conclude the contract they all believed that the Ward title was prior and superior to the Yorba title. On that occasion Mr. Munday -- Yorba's legal adviser -- discovered for the first time that Yorba's title, by reason of this attachment, was prior to the Ward title. This fact he communicated to Yorba's interpreter, but it seems probable that neither Yorba nor the interpreter was made to understand the change thus wrought in the situation, for, notwithstanding the discovery that Ward apparently had nothing to sell, Yorba was still willing to give him a round price for his conveyance. This willingness of Yorba to buy finds its explanation in his assertion that he did not know then or for nearly a month afterward that his own title was the better. If this explanation is rejected, some other reason must be found for his agreement to pay Ward four thousand seven hundred and fifty dollars for the Jarvis title. The superior court finds that there was a question as to the validity of Yorba's attachment, and, therefore, and because Ward was in possession, Yorba was willing to pay this large sum to buy his peace. But there is no evidence in this record that there was then any question as to the attachment, and it is now found that it was regular and valid. It is true Ward was in possession of the land, but if he exacted an agreement to pay him four thousand seven hundred and fifty dollars to yield a possession which it was his duty to yield without compensation he can hardly expect a court of equity on that showing to reform a mistake in the [56 P. 61] contract in order that it may be specifically enforced. Disregarding, then, the mere fact of Ward's possession and the power of annoyance which that gave him, it appears that Yorba was induced by some mistake to agree to give four thousand seven hundred and fifty dollars for a worthless title. Aside from the mistake there was no consideration for his promise, and in such a case equity will not lend its aid to enforce performance.
DISSENT:
McFARLAND
McFARLAND, J., dissenting. I dissent, and adhere to the conclusion reached at the first hearing. (Ward v. Yorba (Aug. 2, 1898), 54 P. Rep. 80.) I think that the judgment and order appealed from should be affirmed.