Summary
In Wall v. Williams (1885), 93 N.C. 327, the Court had under consideration a contract to furnish "plenty for to support" named persons.
Summary of this case from State v. LoveOpinion
(October Term, 1885.)
Maintenance — Contract — Support.
1. Where, for a valuable consideration, one contracts to support another, he cannot recover in an action for services rendered such other party in nursing and attending to him in sickness.
2. So, where A. leased B.'s farm for a term of years, and the lease provided that he should furnish B. and his wife plenty to support them, and should have the excess made on the farm, and B. was stricken with a lingering sickness, in which A. nursed and tended him, it was held that A. could not recover in an action against B.'s estate for such services.
( Wall v. Williams, 91 N.C. 477, cited and approved.)
THIS was a civil action tried before Montgomery, J., at July Special Term, 1884, of the Superior Court of RANDOLPH.
The plaintiff alleged in his complaint that Daniel Williams died in the month of June, 1882, leaving a last will and testament in which he appointed the defendants his executors, and they were duly qualified as such; that the testator was about eighty years of age when the plaintiff commenced rendering the services hereinafter stated, and was in feeble health and weak in body and mind; and after the death of his wife on 8 January, 1880, required constant care and attention, and was sick and afflicted with chronic diarrhea and other offensive diseases, and was unable to care for himself; that after 1 January and until his (328) death the plaintiff, assisted by his wife, rendered to him all such services as were necessary, such as daily nursing and daily waiting upon him, administering medicine, washing and cleansing his body, as well as his bedding and clothing, from the filth engendered by his loathsome disease.
B. Milliken became guardian after the disease had attacked the testator and after the alleged services had begun.
The defendants deny the liability alleged by plaintiff, and set up for a further defense the following written contract, namely:
"STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA,
"Randolph County.
"I, Daniel Williams, of said county, agree with S.W. Wall to lease his farm to said Wall five years, and he is to furnish him and to his wife plenty for to support them, and furnish them with firewood in their yard.
"Now the said Wall is to have possession on 1 October, 1879, and to have all he can make after we get our support. I, Daniel Williams, agree to keep what provisions that I have on hand 1 October, 1879, to support myself and wife and stock, and at the end of five years the said Wall is to furnish the same amount, or leave that much with us. The said Williams is to keep one milk cow and calf, one or two hogs, etc. The above agreement is to be in full force 1 October, 1879.
"Signed in the presence of B. Milliken and left in his possession, 9 May, 1879.
"DANIEL WILLIAMS. [Seal] "S.W. WALL. [Seal]
"Witness: BENJ. MILLIKEN. "
The defendants also set up a counterclaim against the plaintiff for cutting and carrying away timber from the land of the testator.
The plaintiff tendered the following issues to be submitted to the jury:
1. Did the plaintiff render the services claimed in the (329) complaint?
2. Were such services rendered at the request of the testator, or of any one authorized to make such request?
And the defendant tendered the following issues:
1. Did the plaintiff cut and appropriate to his own use, during the testator's life, timber growing on the land?
2. If so, what was the value of the timber so cut and appropriated?
The defendants' counsel referred the court to this case, as reported in Wall v. Williams, 91 N.C. 477, and especially to the intimation of this Court that the services rendered and attention bestowed upon the testator, as charged in the complaint, are comprehended in plaintiff's undertaking to furnish him and his wife plenty to support them during the lease if they shall so long live.
The plaintiff admitted the execution of the undertaking, and that he did not expect to change the proof offered on the first trial.
The court held that the services rendered and the attention bestowed, if proved, were comprehended in the undertaking and would not entitle the plaintiff to a recovery, and declined to submit plaintiff's issues and submitted those tendered by the defendants, to which plaintiff excepted.
There was a verdict in behalf of the defendants and judgment was rendered accordingly, from which the plaintiff appealed.
Scott Caldwell and W. S. Ball for plaintiff.
M. S. Robins and J. T. Morehead for defendants.
The only question presented for our determination arises upon the construction of the contract between the plaintiff and the testator. The plaintiff contends that the word support as used in the instrument can only be interpreted as meaning food or provisions, and the defendant insists that the word is not to be construed in any such restricted sense, but the use of it in the contract was (330) intended to comprehend a reasonable and comfortable maintenance, suitable to the estate, the mode of living, and the habits of life of the person to be supported. When the case was before us at a former term, Wall v. Williams, 91 N.C. 477, it was then said in the opinion delivered by Smith, C. J. : "Are not the service and attention incident to those being supported, though in the present case they were far more onerous than perhaps ever contemplated by either party? Would a total neglect of the most common wants, when living on the same farm, be consistent with the agreement for a support to be afforded by the plaintiff? Is the word to be construed as restricting the contract to the furnishing of food merely, and fuel for cooking and warmth?"
The point now involved did not necessarily arise there, but it will be seen from the above extract that the Court leans to the construction now contended for by the defendants and, after further consideration of the subject, we think that is the proper construction of the instrument.
The plaintiff's stipulation in the contract is to furnish " plenty for to support" Daniel Williams and his wife, and he, S.W. Wall, is " to have all he can make after we get our support. "
It certainly was not contemplated by the parties that the land should be sown or planted in grain. Wall, under the contract, might have sown cotton or tobacco, in which case he would be bound by the contract to furnish a support out of the proceeds of the crops. It is not a stipulation for a certain part of the crops, or for a support out of the premises — the corn or grain raised on the land. The defendant, by the contract, is entitled to a support — a plentiful support. What does that mean? According to Webster it means "maintenance, subsistence, or an income sufficient for the support of a family," and maintenance means " sustenance, support by means of supplies of food, clothing and other conveniences. " And this liberal construction of the word support, in its use with regard to persons who have been contracted with for their maintenance, was held in the case of Whilden v. Whilden, Riley, Law and Equity, 205. There the property of a testator was (331) directed to be sold, and the money invested in bank stock for the support of his children, until the youngest should come to the age of twenty-one, and he left several children who were of age, and others minors; it was decided as the income was small it should be applied to support and educate the minor children. We cite this case to show that support is held to mean something more than mere food.
The only other case we have found bearing on the question is another South Carolina decision, Ellerbe v. Ellerbe, Spears' Eq., 328. There a "reasonable and competent support" was provided for the testator's daughter and grandson. The Court held that, as she had an ample estate of her own, she could not get a support out of the estate of the testator, William Ellerbe. The Court held in its opinion that a reasonable and comfortable support was such "maintenance as was necessary, suitable, and proper in the situation of the party," and in support of his position the Chancellor who delivered the opinion cited the case of Whilden v. Whilden, supra. The stipulation is to "furnish a plenty for to support Williams and his wife. " Plenty is from the Latin plenus — full. Plenty of support must mean a full support — not merely sufficient provisions but, according to the definition and the authorities cited, "in full"; such other conveniences and necessaries as were reasonable and suitable to make Williams and his wife comfortable. If it turns out that he made a bad bargain, which does not seem to have been the case, he had no right to complain. He went into it with his eyes open. He knew that he, Williams, was old and feeble, and had passed by a decade the scriptural limit of human life, and was likely to be afflicted with the maladies incident to old age. If these maladies were greater or more offensive than he had expected or hoped, he must be held to abide the consequences of his contract.
There is no error. The judgment of the Superior Court is affirmed.
No error. Affirmed.
Cited: Gray v. West, post, 446.
(332)