Opinion
6699
October 31, 1907.
Before WATTS, J., Oconee, November, 1906. Affirmed.
Action by Stephen Baldwin against Postal Telegraph Cable Company. From judgment for plaintiff, defendant appeals.
Messrs. J.P. Carey and J.W. Shelor, for appellant. Mr. Carey cites: In a suit for wilfulness verdict for actual damages should not be given in absence of proof of wilfulness: 61 S.C. 186; 64 S.C. 495; 68 S.C. 98; 69 S.C. 332; 71 S.C. 104. In absence of proof of wilfulness, nonsuit should have been granted: 70 S.C. 528; 71 S.C. 153. And because plaintiff cannot avoid his contract under proof here: 71 S.C. 153. And because action can only be maintained by grantee or devisee of deceased: 71 S.C. 95; 58 S.C. 240; Gen. Stat., 2859. Verdict should have been directed for defendant, because plaintiff made no proof of permit having been obtained by fraud: 74 S.C. 559.
Messrs. J.R. Earle and B.F. Martin, contra, cite: Wilfulness is no essential part of a cause of action for trespass, but merely a circumstance to enhance damages: 21 Ency. P. P., 798; Suth. on Dam., 1010, 1011, 1015. Objection that action did not survive to executrix should be taken by demurrer or answer: Code of Proc., 168, 169; 69 S.C. 40; 72 S.C. 39; Code 1902, sec. 2859. The action can be maintained by executrix: 40 S.C. 397; 2 Brev., 28; 59 S.C. 577; Beach on Law of Ry., sec. 794; 61 Wis. 178. Condemnation statute does not apply to foreign corporation: 71 S.C. 99. Nor where right to compensation is disputed: 62 S.C. 52; 59 S.C. 377; 38 S.C. 308; 42 S.C. 431.
October 31, 1907. The opinion of the Court was delivered by
This case and the case of Stephen Baldwin against Postal Telegraph Cable Company were tried together in the Circuit Court, and on appeal in this Court. The allegations of trespass on which the plaintiffs recovered judgment are identical. The questions common to both cases are considered and decided in the Baldwin case, but the exceptions in this case raise other questions which it is more convenient to consider separately.
The original plaintiff, J.A. Voyles, the owner of the land, died after the commencement of the action, and it was continued in the name of his executrix. In the deposition of J.A. Voyles, taken in his lifetime, he testified on the point of fraudulent representation in obtaining from him a permit which was precisely the same in terms as that set out in the Baldwin case: "I was on the bed when Eastman drove up out there. My wife called to me and said there was somebody out there that wanted to see me; I got up to go out there; he introduced himself as Eastman to me; he said that he wanted to build a telegraph line in competition to the Western Union and make it better for everybody. He said he just wanted one foot from the Southern right of way; I marked off with my toe just one foot from the Southern right of way and asked him if that would be room enough, and he said yes. My wife heard the conversation. Then I told him that the shade trees should not be cut down, and then told him that there should not be a pole in a hundred feet from my house; he said they could put in long poles and work that very easily. I told him those trees must be cut and trimmed under my direction; and he agreed to do it, and said he would be right along here when they were cutting them. Well, then, he had his little paper, and said all he wanted was just a permit to go through; he said as quick as they went through I should have every cent of damages; and I said what was they paying other people; and he said from one to five dollars a post. I then signed what I understood to be just a permit for him to go through, and he got right up and put it in his pocket, gave me nothing, jumped in his buggy and went off." This evidence brought the case within the principle of Burnett v. Tel. Co., 71 S.C. 146, 50 S.E., 780, and Mason v. Tel. Co., 71 S.C. 150, 50 S.E., 782, and a motion for a nonsuit for lack of evidence that the permit was obtained by fraud was properly refused. As in the Baldwin case, it was for the jury to say whether the plaintiff entered into an unequal contract through his own negligence, or was induced to do so by the false representation of the defendant's agent. It is true, the complaint does not admit the giving of the permit and allege it to have been obtained by false representation, but it was expressly decided in Mason v. Tel. Co., supra, the plaintiff could, without these allegations, attack such a permit for fraud when introduced by the defendant in justification of the entry. The objections to the competency of the evidence introduced for the purpose of showing the entry was made with insult need not be considered, because the nonsuit as to punitive damages eliminated all such evidence as completely as if it had been stricken out.
The order of the Circuit Court continuing the cause in the name of the executrix after the death of J.A. Voyles was made on the authority of the act of 1905 (24 Stat., 945). "Causes of action for and in respect to any and all injuries and trespasses to and upon real estate and any and all injuries to the person and to personal property, shall survive both to and against the personal or real representative (as the case may be) of deceased persons, and the legal representatives of insolvent persons, and defunct or insolvent corporations, any law or rule to the contrary, notwithstanding."
Defendant's counsel by motion for nonsuit made the point that the action being for trespass on real estate survived to the devisee or the grantee to whom Voyles had conveyed the land before his death, and not to the executrix. It is fatal to this objection for defect of parties that it was not made by answer or demurrer, as required by sections 165 and 169 of the Code of Procedure. Anderson v. Baughman, 69 S.C. 38, 48 S.E., 38; Shull v. Caughman, 54 S.C. 203, 32 S.E., 301; Delleney v. Granite Co., 72 S.C. 39, 51 S.E., 531. We refrain from expressing an opinion as to whether the objection would have been sound if made by answer or demurrer.
The judgment of this Court is, that the judgment of the Circuit Court be affirmed.