Opinion
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
Argued and Submitted December 6, 2011 Pasadena, California
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California George H. Wu, District Judge, Presiding, D.C. No. 2:06-cv-07152-GW-FMO
Before: NOONAN, GOULD, and IKUTA, Circuit Judges.This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
Appellant Alan Vitt ("Vitt") appeals the district court's Fed.R.Civ.P. 12(b)(6) dismissal of his second amended complaint against Apple Computer Co. ("Apple") alleging violations of California consumer protection law on behalf of all purchasers of the iBook G4 Laptop Computer ("the iBook G4"). The crux of Vitt's contention, building on his dissatisfaction that his iBook G4 failed shortly after his one year warranty had expired, is that the iBook G4 does not last "at least a couple of years, " which he alleges a reasonable consumer expects from a laptop. Vitt alleges that this is because one of the solder joints on the logic board of the iBook G4 degrades slightly each time the computer is turned on and off, eventually causing the joint to break and the computer to stop working shortly after Apple's one year express warranty has expired. Vitt further alleges that Apple affirmatively misrepresented the durability, portability, and quality of the iBook G4 and did not disclose the alleged defect. The district court held that Apple's affirmative statements were non-actionable puffery, and that Apple had no duty to disclose the alleged defect under Daugherty v. American Honda Motor Co., 144 Cal.App.4th 824 (2006).
Vitt alleges violations of the California Unfair Competition Law, Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code. § 17200 et seq., the California False Advertising Law, Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code. § 17500 et seq., and the California Consumer Legal Remedies Act, Cal. Civ. Code § 1750 et seq.
We affirm for substantially the reasons given by the district court, which thoughtfully addressed the controlling issues of California law. In a different context we have held that to be actionable as an affirmative misrepresentation, a statement must make a "specific and measurable claim, capable of being proved false or of being reasonably interpreted as a statement of objective fact." Coastal Abstract Serv. v. First Am. Title Ins. Co., 173 F.3d 725, 731 (9th Cir. 1999). California courts have also held that "mere puffing" cannot support liability under California consumer protection law. See Consumer Advocates v. Echostar Satellite Corp., 113 Cal.App.4th 1351, 1361 n.3 (2003) (citing Hauter v. Zogarts, 14 Cal.3d 104, 111 (1975)). Vitt challenges Apple's advertising because it stated that the iBook G4 is "mobile, " "durable, " "portable, " "rugged, " "built to withstand reasonable shock, " "reliable, " "high performance, " "high value, " an "affordable choice, " and an "ideal student laptop." The district court held that these statements are generalized, non-actionable puffery because they are "inherently vague and generalized terms" and "not factual representations that a given standard has been met." We agree. Even when viewed in the advertising context as Vitt urges, these statements do not claim or imply that the iBook G4's useful life will extend for "at least a couple of years." For example, to the extent that "durable" is a statement of fact it may imply in context that the iBook G4 is resistant to problems occurring because of its being dropped, but not that it will last for a duration beyond its expressed warranty.
Vitt also contends that Apple had an affirmative duty to disclose the alleged defect. The district court dismissed these claims under Daugherty, 144 Cal.App.4th 824, and subsequent federal cases applying its reasoning to class actions where laptop computers failed as a result of alleged design defects. Oestreicher v. Alienware Corp., 544 F.Supp.2d 964, 969–70 (N.D. Cal. 2008), aff'd 322 Fed.Appx. 489 (9th Cir. 2009) (holding that there was no omission cause of action because any defects manifested after expiration of the warranty period); Hoey v. Sony Elecs. Inc., 515 F.Supp.2d 1099, 1104–05 (N.D. Cal. 2007) (holding that there was no omission cause of action for alleged soldering defect in laptop computer); Long v. Hewlett-Packard Co., No. 06-02816 2007 WL 2994812, at *8 (N.D. Cal. July 27, 2007), aff'd 316 Fed.Appx. 585 (9th Cir. 2009) ("HP is not alleged to have made any representation as to the life of [its laptop computers]. As such, a consumer's only reasonable expectation was that the [computers] would function properly for the duration of HP's limited one-year warranty. HP fulfilled this expectation."). These federal cases persuasively read Daugherty to hold that there is no duty to disclose that a product may fail beyond its warranty period absent an affirmative misrepresentation or a safety risk.
Vitt argues that Apple has an affirmative duty to disclose a defect because it has "exclusive knowledge of material facts not known to the plaintiff, " namely that the iBook G4 has a defective logic board, and it "actively concealed" that fact, relying on LiMandri v. Judkins 52 Cal.App.4th 326, 336–37 (1997). But Judkins is a common law fraud case and, in light of our view of California law relating to consumer protection and warranties, we are not persuaded to apply the reasoning of Judkins to the consumer protection laws that Vitt alleges Apple has violated here. Adopting Vitt's theory would effectively extend Apple's term warranty to "at least a couple of years" based on subjective consumer expectations. See Oestreicher, 544 F.Supp.2d at 971–72. We would be surprised if the California Supreme Court found such an extension in the consumer protection laws at issue here. See Seely v. White Motor Co., 63 Cal.2d 9, 18 (1965) ("[A consumer can] be fairly charged with the risk that the product will not match his economic expectations unless the manufacturer agrees that it will."). We agree with the district court that Apple was under no duty to disclose the alleged defect in its iBook G4s.
Vitt's argument that Apple's express warranty is procedurally and substantially unconscionable because it is an exculpatory contract that has the effect of "releasing [Apple] from responsibility for its own fraud" is without merit.
AFFIRMED.