Summary
holding plaintiff's offering of "only speculation concerning defendants' alleged nefarious motives" insufficient to preclude summary judgment
Summary of this case from Smith v. Our Lady of the Lake Hosp.Opinion
Docket No. 92411.
Decided September 2, 1987.
Sinas, Dramis, Brake, Boughton, McIntyre Reisig, P.C. (by Donald L. Reisig and Kathleen Corkin Boyle), for plaintiff.
Miller, Canfield, Paddock Stone (by Edmond F. DeVine), for all appellees except Davis Clinic.
McGraw Borchard, P.C. (by John W. McGraw), for Davis Clinic.
Plaintiff Andrew H. Veldhuis, M.D., appeals from the circuit court order granting summary disposition to defendants Christian Allan, M.D., John M. Caldwell, M.D., Jennifer L. Brendle-Kozar, D.O., Donald N. Nagler, M.D., Lloyd J. Helder, M.D., Gilbert Klickstein, M.D., Daniel P. Radowski, M.D., Victor B. Lebedovych, M.D., Glenn E. Lowery, Zachary Kanjuparamban, M.D., Davis Clinic and Central Michigan Community Hospital. MCR 2.116(C)(10). Defendant John M. Lowenbergh, M.D., was dismissed by stipulation.
This controversy arose out of the termination of plaintiff's staff privileges at defendant Central Michigan Community Hospital. A brief synopsis of relevant procedural facts was set forth in this Court's earlier opinion:
Plaintiff is a medical doctor specializing in obstetrics and gynecology. Defendant Central Michigan Community Hospital is a private community hospital and a Michigan non-profit corporation. Defendant Lowery is the administrator of the hospital.
Plaintiff had staff privileges at the hospital for upwards of twenty years. He was advised on or about November 7, 1983, that his privileges were being suspended and that he had a right to a hearing, which was set for November 15, 1983. The action was taken pursuant to a recommendation of the hospital's Medical Executive Committee, which in turn was based on audits which had found substandard care by plaintiff. The notice cited over 400 cases of alleged inappropriate conduct extending over a period of more than four years. On November 9, 1983, plaintiff received an amended notice which listed over 300 cases.
Plaintiff filed an application in the circuit court for a restraining order and an order to show cause why a temporary injunction should not be entered until the complaint could be heard. The complaint alleged that plaintiff was being denied procedural due process under the federal and state constitutions. The restraining order was granted and a hearing was set to determine whether an injunction should issue.
Defendants moved for accelerated judgment. The trial court granted the motion, finding that it lacked subject-matter jurisdiction to review a private hospital's decision to suspend a staff physician's privileges. Plaintiff appeals. [ Veldhuis v Central Michigan Community Hospital, 142 Mich. App. 243, 244-245; 369 N.W.2d 478 (1985), lv den 422 Mich. 970 (1985).]
This Court affirmed, holding that there is no judicial review of a private hospital's decisions on staff privileges or of the method by which hospital personnel reach such decisions. 142 Mich. App. 247.
Prior to this Court's decision, the hospital board of trustees had revoked plaintiff's staff privileges. After issuance of this Court's decision, plaintiff commenced the instant lawsuit. In addition to hospital administrator Lowery, the individual defendants are physicians who had staff privileges at defendant hospital and were members of the medical executive committee of the hospital or members of the fair hearing committee which conducted an evidentiary hearing and which filed a report with the medical executive committee recommending that, unless an acceptable method of monitoring plaintiff's judgments and procedures could be developed, his privileges should be revoked. Several of the individual defendants are associated with defendant Davis Clinic in Mt. Pleasant. As chairperson of the Ob/Gyn department of the hospital, defendant Allan submitted a request to the medical executive committee that plaintiff's privileges be revoked. Defendant Allan also testified at the fair hearing and, pursuant to the medical staff by-laws, was a member of the medical executive committee which recommended to the board of trustees that plaintiff's privileges be revoked.
In his multicount complaint, plaintiff alleged the "malicious" nature of defendants' conduct in the steps leading to revocation of his staff privileges. Citing MCL 331.531; MSA 14.57(21), the court granted defendants' motions for summary disposition, finding no genuine issue of material fact. MCR 2.116(C)(10). We affirm.
The function of a motion for summary disposition under MCR 2.116(C)(10), is well established:
A motion for summary judgment under GCR 1963, 117.2(3), now MCR 2.116(C)(10), asserts that no genuine issue of material fact exists and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Such a motion should not be granted when there is an issue of material fact, since the motion tests the factual support for plaintiff's claim. The trial court must consider the affidavits submitted, pleadings, depositions, admissions and documentary evidence. The opposing party must show that a genuine issue of disputed facts exists. The test is whether the kind of record which might be developed, giving the benefit of reasonable doubt to the opposing party, would leave open an issue upon which reasonable minds might differ. This Court is liberal in finding a genuine issue of material fact. Langlois v McDonald's Restaurants of Michigan, Inc, 149 Mich. App. 309, 314; 385 N.W.2d 778 (1986). [ Meeka v D F Corp, 158 Mich. App. 688, 690-691; 405 N.W.2d 125 (1987). Emphasis supplied.]
Plaintiff argues that his claims are not barred because the defendants acted with malice. He relies on the malice exception to the immunity conferred upon persons and review entities under MCL 331.531; MSA 14.57(21):
A person, organization, or entity may provide information or data relating to the physical or psychological condition of any person, or the necessity, appropriateness, or the quality of health care rendered to any person, to any review entity. Review entity means a duly appointed peer review committee of the state, of a state or county association of health care professionals, of an officially constituted health care facility, or of a health care association; a professional standards review organization qualified under federal or state law; a foundation or organization acting pursuant to the approval of a state or county association of health care professionals; or a state department or agency whose jurisdiction encompasses such information. Liability of any kind shall not arise or be enforced against any person, organization, or entity by reason of having provided such information or data; by reason of any act or communication within its scope as a review entity; or by reason of having released or published the proceedings, reports, findings, or conclusions of the review entity subject to the limitations of sections 2 and 3. The immunity in this section shall not apply to a person, organization, or entity that acts with malice. [Emphasis supplied.]
We agree with defendant Davis Clinic that the definition of malice applicable in defamation actions also seems appropriate in the context of MCL 331.531; MSA 14.57(21). See Regualos v Community Hospital, 140 Mich. App. 455, 463; 364 N.W.2d 723 (1985), lv den 423 Mich. 861 (1985), citing Lins v Evening News Ass'n, 129 Mich. App. 419; 342 N.W.2d 573 (1983). Applying that definition, the statutory immunity does not apply only if the person supplying information or data does so with knowledge of its falsity or with reckless disregard of its truth or falsity. 129 Mich. App. 432. Similarly, a review entity is not immune from liability if it acts with knowledge of the falsity, or with reckless disregard of the truth or falsity, of information or data which it communicates or upon which it acts.
In this case, plaintiff presented no evidentiary support for his allegations of malice. In contrast to the voluminous evidence supporting defendants' claims that their actions were based on numerous instances of serious deficiencies in plaintiff's medical judgment, plaintiff offered only speculation concerning defendants' alleged nefarious motives. There was no evidence that false information was ever knowingly presented or that defendants acted in reckless disregard of the truth or falsity of the information which they presented or upon which they relied.
As in Regualos, supra at 463, the record in this case "reveals that the physicians responsible for reviewing plaintiff's case in the intrahospital proceedings fair-mindedly sought to assess plaintiff's competency." The procedures set forth in the by-laws were followed in the consideration of plaintiff's case. Three outside experts conducted extensive reviews of plaintiff's files; they found serious problems of substandard care as evidenced primarily by numerous unjustified Caesarean sections, exploratory laparotomies, uterine suspensions and multiple surgeries. To the extent plaintiff complains of the decision of the board of trustees to revoke plaintiff's privileges rather than to direct that he be monitored, judicial review is not available. Veldhuis v Central Michigan Community Hospital, supra at 247.
We find that the record which might be developed would not justify reasonable minds in concluding that defendants acted with malice. The order granting summary disposition to defendants is affirmed.
Affirmed.