Opinion
Docket No. 64447.
Decided December 4, 1984.
Lopatin, Miller, Freedman, Bluestone, Erlich, Rosen Bartnick (by Steven G. Silverman), for plaintiff.
Cozadd, Shangle, Smith Andrews (by John R. Day), for defendant Heritage Hospital.
On December 15, 1981, plaintiff commenced a medical malpractice action, alleging negligence in his care and treatment on July 1, 1977. Defendant Heritage Hospital moved for accelerated judgment pursuant to GCR 1963, 116.1(5), on the grounds that the claim was barred by a prior judgment and by the statute of limitations. The motion was denied and defendant has appealed by leave granted.
The court below, in denying defendant's motion, ruled that the statute of limitations was tolled for the period that the parties were in arbitration. Demand for arbitration had been filed by plaintiff on June 27, 1979. On December 14, 1981, counsel for plaintiff received the December 4, 1981, opinion of the arbitration panel denying plaintiff's claim. Both parties acknowledge that the panel's ruling was a dismissal on jurisdictional grounds.
MCL 600.5805(4); MSA 27A.5805(4).
MCL 600.5856; MSA 27A.5856 provides:
"The statutes of limitations are tolled when
"(1) the complaint is filed and a copy of the summons and complaint are served on the defendant, or when
"(2) jurisdiction over the defendant is otherwise acquired, or when,
"(3) the complaint is filed and a copy of the summons and complaint in good faith, are placed in the hands of an officer for immediate service, but in this case the statute shall not be tolled longer than 90 days thereafter." (Emphasis added.)
We hold that the statute of limitations was not tolled during the period that the parties were in arbitration. Our decision is based on Mair v Consumers Power Co, 419 Mich. 74; 348 N.W.2d 256 (1984), which was decided since this appeal was brought.
Michigan courts have long held that the tolling statute deals with prior "lawsuits" or "court proceedings". e.g., Buscaino v Rhodes, 385 Mich. 474, 482; 189 N.W.2d 202 (1971), Barczak v Rockwell International Corp, 68 Mich. App. 759, 762; 244 N.W.2d 24 (1976). Prior to Barczak, supra, the cases generally involved a prior court proceeding, rather than a nonjudicial proceeding, as the tolling action. The Barczak Court found these cases to be precedent for its holding that a complaint brought before the Michigan Civil Rights Commission was not a tolling action.
In Mair, supra, the alleged tolling action was a charge filed with the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Rather than relying on dictum in earlier cases as the Barczak Court had done, the Mair Court engaged in an analysis of the tolling statute's application to administrative proceedings. This analysis confirmed the correctness of the result in Barczak, as the Court concluded,
"The statutes of limitations, as well as the tolling statute, are of legislative creation. So too should be any further exceptions, and particularly any further exception which makes an administrative proceeding a tolling event." Mair, supra, p 85.
The Mair Court reached its conclusion in spite of persuasive policy arguments for allowing an administrative proceeding to be a tolling event. It noted,
"Clearly, there are administrative proceedings that would serve the purpose of the statute by giving notice to the defendant of the allegations against him in a forum where the remedies available are equivalent to those in a civil action." Id., pp 83-84.
Nevertheless, the Court found dispositive evidence that the Legislature did not contemplate nonjudicial proceedings as tolling events. The dissent agreed that the tolling statute applies only where an action has been commenced in a court but believed that the Court should have exercised its power to provide by court rule for tolling on terms different from those set forth by statute.
In the instant case, we are persuaded by the policy arguments for allowing an arbitration proceeding as a tolling event. The scope and purpose of arbitration is comparable to that of a lawsuit, even more so than many actions before administrative agencies. Nevertheless, in accordance with Mair, supra, p 85, we must decline to create an exception to the statute of limitations.
Defendant has argued that summary judgment was proper, in any event, because the medical malpractice arbitration act, MCL 600.5040 et seq.; MSA 27A.5040 et seq., is unconstitutional and the arbitration proceeding taken pursuant thereto is void and ineffective for any purpose. This argument fails because the constitutionality of the act was upheld in Morris v Metriyakool, 418 Mich. 423; 344 N.W.2d 736 (1984).
We conclude that the circuit court erroneously denied defendant's motion for accelerated judgment. Accordingly, we reverse, but without prejudice to plaintiff's claiming that defendant is estopped from relying on the statute of limitations. Plaintiff's estoppel claim was not considered by the court below and is now before us on an inadequate record, so we are unable to render any decision on its merits.
Reversed.