Summary
holding motor vehicle insurer was not required to provide coverage for injuries caused by an intentional act because Virginia law only requires coverage for losses "caused by accident"
Summary of this case from Grinnell Mut. Reinsurance Co. v. ThompsonOpinion
44264 Record No. 790877.
January 22, 1982
Present: Carrico, C.J., Cochran, Poff, Compton, Thompson, and Stephenson, JJ.
Motor vehicle liability policies certified under Virginia Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility Act do not cover intentional acts by insured.
(1) Insurance — Liability — Coverage — Motor Vehicles — "Occurrence" and "Accident" are Synonymous and Exclude Intentional Acts of the Insured.
(2) Insurance — Liability — Coverage — Motor Vehicles — Statutory Construction — Coverage of owner's Policy (Code Sec. 46.1-504) — Provisions to Which Every Policy Shall Be Subject But Need Not Contain (Code Sec. 46.1-511) — Policies Certified Under Virginia Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility Act (Code Sec. 46.1-388, et seq.) Do Not Cover Intentional Acts by Insured.
Jennelle recovered judgments against Tivis Gilbert and others for personal injuries caused when the automobile in which she was a passenger was intentionally forced off the highway. Utica Mutual was the uninsured motorist carrier for Gray, the operator of the vehicle in which Jennelle was a passenger. Travelers was carrier for Tivis Gilbert, having filed an SR-22 for Gilbert when his suspended driving privileges were restored. Utica, being liable if Travelers is not, a declaratory judgment was brought to determine the liability of the insurance carriers. The Trial Court determined that the Traveler's policy did not cover an intentional act by its insured. Utica contends on appeal that the term "accident" in the Travelers policy, because certified to the Virginia Division of Motor Vehicles under the Virginia Motor Vehicles Safety Responsibility Act, should include an intentional act by its insured, the coverage being viewed from the standpoint of the public and not the insured under these circumstances.
1. The terms "occurrence" and "accident" pertaining to coverage in the Virginia general automobile liability policy are synonymous. These terms refer to an incident that was unexpected from the viewpoint of the insured and do not include intentional acts of the insured.
2. While a policy certified under the Virginia Safety Responsibility Act (Code Sec. 46.1-388, et seq.) must protect against losses caused by accident (Code Sec. 46.1-504) and under certified policies the liability of any insurance carrier to the insured becomes absolute when loss or damage covered by the policy occurs, the term "accident" does not take in a different meaning when the policy is certified and thus does not include intentional acts of the insured.
Appeal from a judgment of the Circuit Court of Washington County. Hon. Wayne L. Bell, judge presiding.
Affirmed.
Wm. W. Eskridge (Wade W. Massie; Penn, Stuart, Eskridge Jones, on briefs), for appellant.
Gary C. Hancock; Thomas J. Harrigan (Robert J. Ingram; Gilmer, Sadler, Ingram, Sutherland Hutton, on briefs), for appellees.
In this case of first impression, we are asked to decide whether an automobile liability insurance policy, certified pursuant to the Virginia Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility Act, affords coverage for an intentional tort.
Elizabeth Jennelle (nee Gilbert) sustained injuries when the automobile she was in, driven by Shirley Gray, was intentionally forced off the highway by an automobile owned by Tivis Gilbert. Elizabeth brought suit against Tivis Gilbert, Gorman Gilbert, Norman Gilbert, Ronald Bailey, Doug Wright and Enos Blankenship (the defendants) to recover damages for her personal injuries. She alleged that the defendants entered into a conspiracy to stop the Gray automobile by forcing it off the road.
Norman Gilbert was the only defendant to answer and appear at trial. He was represented at trial by counsel for Travelers Indemnity Company, which had issued a policy on the Gilbert vehicle. Following a jury trial, a verdict was returned in favor of Elizabeth for compensatory damages of $30,000 and awarding punitive damages against Tivis Gilbert in the amount of $15,000 and against each of the other defendants in the amount of $2,000, for a total verdict of $55,000.
The appellant argues that the court had no jurisdiction over certain of the defendants. We find no merit in this assignment of error.
Subsequently, a declaratory judgment action was brought to determine the liability of the insurance companies providing coverage to the parties involved in the incident. Travelers denied coverage. If correct, the denial would leave Utica Mutual Insurance Company, the uninsured motorist carrier for Gray, liable.
The policy issued to Tivis Gilbert by Travelers was certified to the Division of Motor Vehicles as proof of Tivis' future financial responsibility. The Virginia Motor Vehicle Safety Responsibility Act, Code Sec. 46.1-388, et. seq., requires that certain persons, whose privilege to drive has been suspended, furnish such proof prior to regaining the privilege. This proof is given by the insurance company's filing with the Division of Motor Vehicles a certificate known as an SR-22.
The general automobile liability policy issued in Virginia provides coverage for damages caused by an "occurrence" or by an "accident." We have held these terms to be synonymous and to refer to an incident that was unexpected from the viewpoint of the insured. Norman v. Insurance Company, 218 Va. 718, 239 S.E.2d 902 (1978); Travelers v. Obenshain, 219 Va. 44, 245 S.E.2d 247 (1978). An intentional act is neither an "occurrence" nor an "accident" and therefore is not covered by the standard policy. Id. Utica asserts that, while this may be the general rule, a different result is mandated when a policy is certified under the Safety Responsibility Act. It argues that the Act is intended to protect the public from those drivers who have proven themselves to be a risk. For this reason, the term "accident" should be viewed from the standpoint of the public and not the insured. The trial court rejected this argument, and we concur.
Code Sec. 46.1-511(a) states in part that under certified policies "[t]he liability of any insurance carrier to the insured . . . becomes absolute when loss or damage covered by the policy occurs . . . A policy certified under the Act must protect against losses "caused by accident." Code Sec. 46.1-504. This the Travelers' policy did by providing coverage for an "occurrence" defined in the policy as "an accident . . . which results in bodily injury or property damage neither expected nor intended from the standpoint of the insured." We find nothing in the Act which mandates that certified policies provide greater protection to the insured than the standard policy. Nor do we find language in Travelers' policy which affords such coverage. The term "accident" does not take on a different meaning merely because a policy is certified. We hold therefore that the policy issued by Travelers did not afford coverage for the intentional acts of its insured. The judgment of the trial court will be affirmed.
Affirmed.