Opinion
No. 06-20145 Summary Calendar.
January 8, 2007.
Appeals from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas USDC No. 4:05-CR-119-1.
Before SMITH, WIENER, and OWEN, Circuit Judges.
Jerome J. Harris appeals the total 57-month sentence imposed following his jury trial conviction on 21 counts of aiding in the preparation of a false tax return. See 26 U.S.C. § 7206(2). Harris argues that the district court violatedUnited States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220 (2005), by enhancing his sentence on the basis of facts not charged in the indictment or proved beyond a reasonable doubt. Harris was sentenced post-Booker. The district court did not commit error under Booker by finding the facts relevant to the determination of Harris's advisory guidelines range. See United States v. Johnson, 445 F.3d 793, 797-98 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 126 S. Ct. 2884 (2006).
Harris argues that the amount of the tax loss for purposes of the Guidelines should have been proved beyond a reasonable doubt or by clear and convincing evidence. We have stated, in dicta, that a higher standard of proof than preponderance of the evidence may be appropriate when relevant conduct increases a defendant's sentence so greatly that it becomes the "`tail that wags the dog of the substantive offense.'" United States v. Harper, 448 F.3d 732, 734 n. 1 (5th Cir.) (citations omitted), cert. denied, 127 S. Ct. 285 (2006). The magnitude of the sentencing enhancement here is not sufficient for us to consider imposing a higher standard of proof.See United States v. Carreon, 11 F.3d 1225, 1240 (5th Cir. 1994); United States v. Mergerson, 4 F.3d 337, 343-45 (5th Cir. 1993).
Harris argues that the district court erred in attributing to him a tax loss of $1,298,176 in calculating the guidelines range. See U.S.S.G. §§ 2T1.4(a)(1), 2T4.1. We review the district court's application of the Guidelines de novo and review factual findings for clear error. See United States v. Villegas, 404 F.3d 355, 359 (5th Cir. 2005); United States v. Villanueva, 408 F.3d 193, 203 n. 9 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 126 S. Ct. 268 (2005). Because Harris did not present evidence to rebut the presentence report (PSR) and because the facts had an adequate evidentiary basis, the district court was free to adopt the facts in the PSR regarding the tax loss. See United States v. Caldwell, 448 F.3d 287, 290 (5th Cir. 2006).
Harris challenges the district court's enhancement of his base offense level for obstruction of justice. See § 3C1.1. He has not demonstrated clear error with respect to the enhancement for obstruction of justice. See Villanueva, 408 F.3d at 203 n. 9; United States v. Gonzalez, 163 F.3d 255, 262-63 (5th Cir. 1998).
AFFIRMED.