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United States v. Slay

United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit
Jan 9, 1984
714 F.2d 1093 (11th Cir. 1984)

Summary

denying a criminal defendant's argument that § 455 precluded the same magistrate who issued a search warrant from hearing the suppression motion based upon that warrant

Summary of this case from United States v. Application for Order

Opinion

No. 82-7286. Non-Argument Calendar.

September 16, 1983. Certiorari Denied January 9, 1984.

N.P. Callahan, Jr., Birmingham, Ala., for defendant-appellant.

Shirley I. McCarty, Asst. U.S. Atty., Frank W. Donaldson, U.S. Atty., Birmingham, Ala., for plaintiff-appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama.

Before RONEY, VANCE and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges.


Convicted of receiving firearms and ammunition shipped in interstate commerce, 18 U.S.C.A. § 922(h)(1), Conrad Slay, Jr. claims (1) the magistrate who issued a search warrant should have disqualified himself from conducting the suppression hearing concerning the evidence seized with that warrant; (2) no probable cause existed for the issuance of the search warrant; and (3) the district court should have made a de novo determination on the question of probable cause. We affirm.

Two days after Conrad Slay, Jr. purchased a rifle and ammunition, the firearms dealer notified an agent of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms. That day the agent checked records which revealed that Slay had previously pleaded guilty to assault with intent to murder. The agent immediately obtained a warrant to search the vehicle which Slay had driven away from the firearms store. About an hour after the warrant was issued, agents stopped Slay in the vehicle and showed him the warrant. A search of the automobile's trunk produced the rifle and 100 rounds of ammunition.

At a hearing to suppress the gun and ammunition as evidence, Slay claimed that the vehicle searched was not the same vehicle listed in the warrant. The magistrate recommended the motion to suppress be denied. The district court adopted the magistrate's findings and denied the motion after considering Slay's objections to the magistrate's report and reviewing the record.

For the first time on appeal Slay contends that the same magistrate who issued the search warrant was not qualified to hear and consider the motion to suppress the evidence. His argument is based on 28 U.S.C.A. § 455, which provides:

(a) Any justice, judge, or magistrate of the United States shall disqualify himself in any proceeding in which his impartiality might reasonably be questioned.

(b) He shall also disqualify himself in the following circumstances:

(1) Where he has a personal bias or prejudice concerning a party, or personal knowledge of disputed evidentiary facts concerning the proceeding. . . .

A motion to disqualify a magistrate under § 455(a) must be timely. Delesdernier v. Porterie, 666 F.2d 116, 121-23 n. 3 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 103 S.Ct. 86, 74 L.Ed.2d 81 (1982); United States v. Conforte, 624 F.2d 869, 879-80 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 1012, 101 S.Ct. 568, 66 L.Ed.2d 470 (1980); In re International Business Machines Corp., 618 F.2d 923, 932 (2d Cir.). Slay's counsel was aware prior to the hearing on the motion to suppress of the facts which he now contends support a § 455(a) motion. Slay's disqualification argument is therefore untimely and need not be considered by this Court on appeal. Delesdernier, 666 F.2d at 122-23.

As to § 455(b)(1), the magistrate's report shows that the magistrate's decision to deny the defendant's motion to suppress was based on an impartial consideration of the testimony and the physical evidence presented at the hearing. There is no suggestion that the magistrate considered any extrajudicial source of knowledge or had any personal bias or prejudice.

Contrary to Slay's contention the evidence presented at the suppression hearing was sufficient to support a finding that there was probable cause to issue a search warrant. A search warrant must be supported by probable cause that an offense has been committed and that evidence exists at the place for which the warrant is sought. See Zurcher v. Stanford Daily, 436 U.S. 547, 558, 98 S.Ct. 1970, 1977-1978, 56 L.Ed.2d 525 (1978). Probable cause may be based on facts within the magistrate's knowledge and of which he has reasonably trustworthy information. United States v. Strauss, 678 F.2d 886, 892 (11th Cir.), cert. denied, ___ U.S. ___, 103 S.Ct. 218, 74 L.Ed.2d 173 (1982). In this case the magistrate was informed by an agent of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms in an affidavit that Slay, a convicted felon, was in possession of a rifle. See United States v. Long, 674 F.2d 848, 852 (11th Cir. 1982).

Finally, Slay argues the district court should have made a de novo finding on the issue of probable cause for issuance of the warrant. In his objections to the magistrate's report, Slay did not object to the finding of probable cause for the warrant, but rather claimed that the vehicle stopped was not the vehicle to which the warrant applied.

In filing objections to a magistrate's report and recommendation, a party must specifically identify those findings to which he objects. Nettles v. Wainwright, 677 F.2d 404, 410 n. 8 (5th Cir.). The failure to object to the magistrate's findings of fact prohibits an attack on appeal of the factual findings adopted by the district court except on grounds of plain error or manifest injustice. Id. at 410. The district court did make a de novo determination as to defendant's specific objection that the vehicle stopped was not the one described in the warrant. No procedural error occurred.

AFFIRMED.


Summaries of

United States v. Slay

United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit
Jan 9, 1984
714 F.2d 1093 (11th Cir. 1984)

denying a criminal defendant's argument that § 455 precluded the same magistrate who issued a search warrant from hearing the suppression motion based upon that warrant

Summary of this case from United States v. Application for Order

denying motion to disqualify based on appearance of impropriety when raised on appeal for first time because party's counsel had prior knowledge of relevant facts

Summary of this case from Cobell v. Norton

In United States v. Slay, 714 F.2d 1093, 1094-95 (11th Cir. 1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 1050, 104 S.Ct. 729, 79 L.Ed.2d 189 (1984), the court held that § 455(a) motions must be timely; however, after disposing of the appellant's § 455(a) claim as untimely, the court addressed the merits of his § 455(b) claim.

Summary of this case from U.S. v. York

In United States v. Slay, 714 F.2d 1093 (11th Cir. 1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 1050, 104 S.Ct. 729, 79 L.Ed.2d 189 (1984), this court applied a timeliness requirement to the disqualification claim brought under § 455(a), but not to a claim brought under § 455(b)(1).

Summary of this case from United States v. Alabama

explaining that plain error review is appropriate in absence of objection

Summary of this case from Walker v. VXI Glob. Sols.

noting that the district court reviews only for plain error a report and recommendation to which no objection is made

Summary of this case from Coleman v. Paradigm Sec. Servs., Inc.

noting that the district court reviews only for plain error a report and recommendation to which no objection is made

Summary of this case from Davidson v. Capital One Bank (Usa), N.A.

In U.S. v. Slay, 714 F.2d 1093 (11th Cir. 1983), a criminal defendant argued that 455 precluded the same magistrate who issued a search warrant from hearing the suppression motion based upon that warrant.

Summary of this case from U.S. v. Henry

In United States v. Slay, 714 F.2d 1093, 1094 (11th Cir. 1983), cert. denied, 464 U.S. 1050, 104 S.Ct. 729, 79 L.Ed.2d 189 (1984), the circuit squarely held that: "a motion to disqualify a magistrate under § 455(a) must be timely."

Summary of this case from Streater v. Woodward
Case details for

United States v. Slay

Case Details

Full title:UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, v. CONRAD SLAY, JR.…

Court:United States Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit

Date published: Jan 9, 1984

Citations

714 F.2d 1093 (11th Cir. 1984)

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