Summary
In DeVaughn, the government filed, then dismissed, a felony complaint against the defendant in the same month. Some time later, the government enlisted an undercover agent to record the defendant's incriminating statements and introduced those statements in a subsequent prosecution.
Summary of this case from U.S. v. HayesOpinion
No. 76-1598.
August 6, 1976. Certiorari Denied November 29, 1976.
Donald B. Marks, Beverly Hills, Cal., for defendant-appellant.
Ronald Muntean, Asst. U.S. Atty., Los Angeles, Cal., for plaintiff-appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California.
OPINION
DeVaughn appeals from his conviction in a jury trial of possessing $800,000 in counterfeit Federal Reserve notes and of uttering a $20 counterfeit note in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 472. We affirm.
In January, 1975 a felony complaint was filed against DeVaughn, but was dismissed during the same month. It is not clear what the complaint charged, but we assume it had some relationship to counterfeiting. Richard E. Woodring, who made the counterfeit notes involved in the instant case, was separately prosecuted and convicted of printing counterfeit notes. In June, 1975 after Woodring had been convicted, he agreed with United States Secret Service agents to make a tape-recorded telephone call to DeVaughn. The recording was played to the jury at DeVaughn's trial.
Appellant contends that incriminating statements he made in the recorded call should have been suppressed. He argues that, since the Government was continuing to investigate him after the complaint against him was dropped, Massiah v. United States, 377 U.S. 201, 84 S.Ct. 1199, 12 L.Ed.2d 246 (1964), applied and he should have been warned of his right to counsel prior to the recorded telephone call. We disagree.
Massiah held that a defendant's Sixth Amendment right to counsel was violated by police surveillance of a conversation between defendant and a confederate cooperating with police, when the defendant was under indictment for violation of federal narcotics laws. Appellant here argues that his Sixth Amendment right to counsel was violated even though he was not under indictment at the time the telephone call in question was recorded.
The Supreme Court considered a similar claim in Hoffa v. United States, 385 U.S. 293, 309-310, 87 S.Ct. 408, 417, 17 L.Ed.2d 374 (1966). The Court dismissed the defendant's assertion that his Sixth Amendment right to counsel attached prior to actual indictment and that the Government was circumventing this right by delaying indictment until after the conversation in issue there had been recorded. The Court held that "[l]aw enforcement officers are under no constitutional duty to call a halt to a criminal investigation the moment they have the minimum evidence to establish probable cause . . . ." This principle controls here.
No new indictment had been brought against appellant and for aught we know sufficient evidence might never have been obtained for another indictment. Under such circumstances, there was no obligation to give appellant the right-to-counsel warning before the telephone conversation. United States v. King, 472 F.2d 1 (9th Cir.), cert. denied 414 U.S. 864, 94 S.Ct. 37, 40, 174, 38 L.Ed.2d 84, reh. denied 414 U.S. 1033, 94 S.Ct. 463, 464, 38 L.Ed.2d 325 (1973).
AFFIRMED.