Summary
In U.S. ex rel. Illuzzi v. Curran, 11 F.2d 468, the court held: "This appeal is an effort to establish that, when the prerequisite for exemption from exclusion for illiteracy is that the applicant shall `have resided (in the United States) continuously for five years,' such five years' residence may be made up of two or more periods, however short, provided the aggregate of the visits to this country amount to five years.
Summary of this case from Towner County v. Stutsman CountyOpinion
No. 281.
March 26, 1926.
Appeal from the District Court of the United States for the Eastern District of New York.
Habeas corpus by the United States, on the relation of Nichola Illuzzi, against Henry H. Curran, Commissioner of Immigration, Port of New York, or the master of the steamship Presidente Wilson. From an order dismissing the writ, relator appeals. Affirmed.
John M. Lyons, of New York City, for appellant.
William A. De Groot, U.S. Atty., of Brooklyn, N.Y. (Herbert H. Kellogg, Asst. U.S. Atty., of Brooklyn, N.Y., of counsel), for appellee.
Before HOUGH, MANTON, and HAND, Circuit Judges.
Relator is an illiterate alien. He first came to this country in 1905, and remained until 1913, when he returned to Italy, his native land, and to his wife and family, who had remained at home during his sojourn in the United States. In 1915, being of military age, he was summoned to join the Italian army, and served through that country's participation in the World War.
In 1920 he returned here, and was admitted as a reservist under the Joint Resolution of Congress dated October 19, 1918 (Comp. St. Ann. Supp. 1919, § 4289¼bbb), permitting the admission of even illiterate aliens "lawfully resident in the United States when * * * conscripted for the military service * * * of any one of the nations cobelligerent of the United States in the present war * * * who may within one year after the termination of the war apply for readmission," etc. When relator came back in 1920, he did not bring his family, who are still in Italy.
After that landing relator remained in the United States less than five years, and then, obtaining a return permit, went back to Italy. He there remained less than six months, and on again returning was excluded as one who had unlawfully gained admission under the so-called "Reservist Resolution," who was a quota immigrant not possessing a quota immigration visa, and ineligible for admission because he was illiterate. This writ followed, and, the court below having remanded relator, this appeal was taken.
It is admitted that what for lack of a better name is called a "return permit" does not affect the matter, because that document has "no effect under the immigration laws, except to show that the alien to whom it is issued is returning from a temporary visit abroad."
This appeal is an effort to establish that, when the prerequisite for exemption from exclusion for illiteracy is that the applicant shall "have resided (in the United States) continuously for five years," such five years' residence may be made up of two or more periods, however short, provided the aggregate of the visits to this country amount to five years. To this we cannot agree. It is directly opposed to United States ex rel. Amuso v. Curran (D.C.) 299 F. 214, and Ex parte Domenici (D.C.) 8 F.2d 366, and to the assumptions of United States ex rel. Randazzo v. Tod (C.C.A.) 297 F. 214.
In favor of appellant's argument quotations are made from our opinion in United States ex rel. Devenuto v. Curran, 299 F. 206, at page 212 et seq. The holding in that case was that, if the relator "acquired a residence in the United States on his arrival here in 1912 [i.e., the first time he came], it was not necessary for him to remain in the country for the next five years continuously in order to bring himself within" the section of the law there and here under consideration. Section 3 of Act Feb. 5, 1917 (Comp. St. 1918, Comp. St. Ann. Supp. 1919, § 4289¼b).
That continuous residence in a given place does not always mean continually remaining in that place, that residence is not synonymous with immovability, is we think true, and we adhere to it. But every case must stand on its own bottom and depend on its own facts, and the ultimate question is: What intent on the part of the alien is to be fairly deduced from the evidence? Devenuto's Case does not hold that a plurality of terms of sojourn can as matter of law be tacked together to produce a term of residence, and any language used arguendo, in showing that relator's intent to acquire and maintain a residence in this country, which implies such doctrine, must be regarded as obiter.
Turning to the facts of this case, we think it evident that this relator had no intent to acquire residence here, and did not do so; also that his return to Italy in 1913 was a return to his home, and by his voluntarily remaining at home for two years before joining the Italian army he both manifested his lack of intent to reside in America, and abandoned whatever residence he might inadvertently have acquired.
We hold, therefore, that he was not "lawfully resident" in the United States in 1920, and was therefore unlawfully admitted under the Joint Resolution of 1918. It admittedly follows from this that his subsequent sojourn, being less than five years, conferred no rights upon him.
Order affirmed.