Summary
complaining that “a particular panel can find language, and indeed even legal principles, that likely will support any conclusion that it may reach” as to whether an adverse employment action has occurred
Summary of this case from Wheat v. Fla. Parish Juvenile Justice Comm'nOpinion
No. 13–50718.
2015-02-26
Allen THOMPSON, Plaintiff–Appellant v. CITY OF WACO, TEXAS, Defendants–Appellee.
Royce John Cullar, Jr., Esq., Cullar & McLeod, L.L.P., Waco, TX, for Plaintiff–Appellant. Charles D. Olson, Michael W. Dixon, Esq., Haley & Olson, P.C., Charles Alfred Mackenzie, Esq., Law Office of C. Alfred Mackenzie, Waco, TX, for Defendant–Appellee.
Royce John Cullar, Jr., Esq., Cullar & McLeod, L.L.P., Waco, TX, for Plaintiff–Appellant.Charles D. Olson, Michael W. Dixon, Esq., Haley & Olson, P.C., Charles Alfred Mackenzie, Esq., Law Office of C. Alfred Mackenzie, Waco, TX, for Defendant–Appellee.
Darrell Gerard–Marc Noga, Cantey Hanger, L.L.P., Dallas, TX, for Amicus Curiae.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas, Waco.
Before SMITH, CLEMENT, and , Circuit Judges.
ON PETITION FOR REHEARING EN BANC
, Circuit Judge:
The court having been polled at the request of one of its members, and a majority of the judges who are in regular active service and not disqualified not having voted in favor (Fed. R.App. P. 35 and 5th Cir. R. 35), the Petition for Rehearing En Banc is DENIED. Judge Jolly, joined by Judges Jones, Smith, and Owen, dissents from the court's denial of rehearing en banc, and his dissent is attached.
In the en banc poll, four judges voted in favor of rehearing (Judges Jolly, Jones, Smith, and Owen) and eleven judges voted against rehearing (Chief Judge Stewart and Judges Davis, Dennis, Clement, Prado, Elrod, Southwick, Haynes, Graves, Higginson, and Costa). E. GRADY JOLLY, Circuit Judge, dissenting from the denial of rehearing en banc, joined by JONES, SMITH, and OWEN, Circuit Judges:
My views of this case are consistent with those that are thoroughly discussed in Judge Smith's dissent. I only present a few examples to summarize briefly the inconsistencies in our opinions dealing with the question at issue; that is, whether there has been an adverse employment action sufficient to support a claim under Title VII: For Title VII discrimination claims, we have said that a “ transfer [ ] ... is insufficient to establish an adverse employment action.” Pegram v. Honeywell, Inc., 361 F.3d 272, 283 (5th Cir.2004) (emphases added) (applying Title VII principles to a § 1981 case and holding that the plaintiff's “claim that his reassignment ... was a less prestigious or desirable transfer, without more, [does] not lift him over the hurdle of summary judgment for the purpose of an adverse employment action”). Consistent with this holding, we later said that “[a]dverse employment actions include only ultimate employment decisions such as hiring, granting leave, discharging, promoting, or compensating.” McCoy v. City of Shreveport, 492 F.3d 551, 559 (5th Cir.2007) (emphasis added) (holding that “placing [an employee] on paid leave—whether administrative or sick—was not an adverse employment action”). Less than a week later, we retreated from this holding and said that the “denial of a transfer may ... qualify as an adverse employment action, even if the new position would not have entailed an increase in pay or other tangible benefits.” Alvarado v. Texas Rangers, 492 F.3d 605, 614 (5th Cir.2007) (emphases added). Still later, we returned to our holding in McCoy and said, “[F]or Title VII discrimination claims, an adverse employment action ‘include[s] only ultimate employment decisions such as hiring, granting leave, discharging, promoting, or compensating.’ ” Bouvier v. Northrup Grumman Ship Sys., Inc., 350 Fed.Appx. 917, 922 (5th Cir.2009) (quoting McCoy, 492 F.3d at 559). Now, this panel creates a new legal standard, stating that a “ change in or loss of job responsibilities—similar to the transfer and reassignment contexts—may be so significant and material that it rises to the level of an adverse employment action.” Thompson v. City of Waco, Texas, 764 F.3d 500, 504 (5th Cir.2014) (emphases added).
Given this panel ping-pong, a particular panel can find language, and indeed even legal principles, that likely will support any conclusion that it may reach. The next panel that addresses the question of the criterion for an adverse employment action is surely not bound by the majority opinion in this case because of the statements that we have issued in prior cases—where one can find the language or reasoning to produce a different result. A loser under the opinion of Panel X may well have been a winner under Panel Y.
In short, our cases give district judges and litigants no guidance as they attempt to thread their way through our confusion. They deserve better. We should give them better.
For these reasons, I respectfully dissent from the failure of the Court to vote this case en banc to produce a clear standard so that all litigants get the same deal from this Court.