Summary
In First Trust Co. v. Myers, 239 Mo. App. 403, 188 S.W.2d 519, the court was required to consider and determine the propriety of allowances in a will construction action.
Summary of this case from Hereford v. Unknown HeirsOpinion
April 2, 1945.
1. — Executors and Administrators. An appeal prosecuted by an administrator or executor should be dismissed if such administrator or executor is not aggrieved by the judgment appealed from.
2. — Courts. Supreme Court has the power to dismiss an appeal for lack of jurisdiction, on its own motion.
3. — Where an allowance is either unlawful or exorbitant, it ought to be the duty of the executor to appeal, otherwise creditors would be without remedy.
4. — Appeal Error. The right of appeal is statutory and does not exist unless so authorized; but the object to be subserved by appeal is to get at the very right of the cause, and statutes pertaining to procedure should be liberally construed to the end that court shall not plant thorns in the paths of appeal.
5. — Executors and Administrators. Executors and administrators are proper persons to appeal from order allowing attorney fees in suit to construe a will.
6. — Trusts. Court may, under certain conditions, allow a reasonable amount to parties litigant in proceedings touching trusts, as attorneys fees.
7. — Wills. Legatees under will, not being the executors, are not entitled to an allowance for attorneys' fees in a simple will construction case where no trust was involved.
Appeal from the Circuit Court of Buchanan County. — Hon. Sam Wilcox, Judge.
REVERSED.
W.M. Morton for appellants.
(1) The defendants in a suit brought solely to construe the language of a Will are not entitled to an allowance by the court for the fees paid to the attorneys hired by such defendants to represent their interests. Littleton v. General American Life Insurance Company, 136 S.W.2d 433, l.c. 440; Hartnett v. Langan, 282 Mo. 471, l.c. 490, 222 S.W. 403, dictum; Drake v. Crane, 66 Mo. App. 495; 69 C.J., p. 905, Sec. 2072; In re Donges Estate, 103 Wis. 497, 79 404 N.W. 786; Ensley et al. v. Ensley et al., 105 Tenn. 107, 58 S.W. 288; Urey's Admr' et al. v. Urey's Ex'x et al., 86 Ky. 354, 5 S.W. 859. (2) The only cases in which Missouri courts give consideration to claims of defendants for allowances to cover their attorneys' fees, are in cases involving trust funds or trust property or rights therein, or the recovery or protection thereof, and in which cases the court has the actual property or fund before it in the proceeding in which the allowance is made. Robinson v. Dundee Land and Inv. Co., 80 Mo. App. 621; City of St. Louis, Trustee for Mullanphy, v. McAllister, 302 Mo. 152, 257 S.W. 425; St. Louis Union Trust Company v. Kern, 346 Mo. 643, 142 S.W.2d 493; White v. University City Land Company, 49 Mo. App. 450. (3) Even if an allowance for defendants' attorneys' fees was proper in the present case, the allowance can only be made by the court to defendants themselves and the court has no authority to make any allowance to the attorneys. Trautz v. Lemp, 334 Mo. 1085, l.c. 1100, 72 S.W.2d 104, l.c. 111; 69 C.J., p. 908, Sec. 2076; Montgomery et al. v. Dime Savings and Trust Company et al., 214 Ill. App. 553, 125 N.E. 309. (4) Even if an allowance for defendants' attorneys' fees was proper in the present case, the allowance can only be made by the court in such amount as the defendants are liable for to their attorneys under their contract of employment. Trautz v. Lemp, 334 Mo. 1085, l.c. 1100, 72 S.W.2d 104, l.c. 111. (5) The Circuit Court of Buchanan County had no original jurisdiction to order an allowance for attorneys' services rendered for the benefit of the estate to be paid by the Executor out of such estate while it is being administered in the Probate Court of such county. Scott v. Royston, 223 Mo. 568, 123 S.W. 454; Seibert v. Harden, 319 Mo. 1105, 8 S.W.2d 905.
Groves Watkins, Fred M. Wanger, and O.W. Watkins, Jr., for respondents.
Thomas E. Atkinson of counsel.
(1) The appeal should be dismissed as the executors, appellants here, are not persons aggrieved by the order of the Court, and this Court, therefore, has no jurisdiction to hear the appeal. R.S. Mo. 1939, Sec. 1184 (repealed Laws of Missouri 1943, p. 353, Sec. 1, effective January 1, 1945. The new Section governing the right to appeal is found in Laws of Missouri, 1943, p. 390, Sec. 126); Love v. White, 348 Mo. 640, 154 S.W.2d 759, l.c. 760; In re Curtis' Estate (First National Bank of Colorado Springs v. Strickler et al.), 103 Colo. 361, 86 P.2d 260. (2) Where a testator has expressed himself so ambiguously as to make it necessary to institute a suit in equity for construction of the will, reasonable attorneys' fees of all parties defendant may be allowed out of the estate. Kingston v. St. Louis Union Trust Company, 348 Mo. 448, 154 S.W.2d 39; St. Louis, Trustee for Mullanphy, v. McAllister, 302 Mo. 152, l.c. 158, 257 S.W. 425, l.c. 426; Trautz v. Lemp, 334 Mo. 1085, 72 S.W.2d 104; Sandusky v. Sandusky, 265 Mo. 219, l.c. 235, 177 S.W. 390, l.c. 394; Neff v. Neff, 13 Ohio Decisions, Reprint, 287, 2 Disn. 468; In re Curtis' Estate (First National Bank of Colorado Springs v. Strickler et al.), 103 Colo. 361, 86 P.2d 260; Beer v. Squires, 102 Conn. 503, 129 A. 382; First National Bank v. Cleveland Trust Company, 308 Ill. App. 639, 32 N.E.2d 964; Kendall v. Taylor, 245 Ill. 617, 92 N.E. 562; Woman's Union Missionary Society v. Mead, 131 Ill. 338, 23 N.E. 603; Singer v. Taylor, 91 Kan. 190, 137 P. 931; Morse v. Stearns, 131 Mass. 389; Straw v. East Maine Conference, 67 Me. 493; Cross v. French, 119 N.J. Eq. 563, 182 A. 834; Jacobus v. Jacobus, 20 N.J. Eq. 49; 2 Perry on Trusts, Fifth Edition, Sec. 903, p. 604. (3) There is no distinction between the cases in which the Missouri courts have made allowances and the instant case on the basis that the cases where the allowances have been sustained involve trust funds wherein the actual property or fund was before the Court. Trautz v. Lemp, 334 Mo. 1085, 72 S.W.2d 104; Sandusky v. Sandusky, 265 Mo. 219, 177 S.W. 390. (4) The question of whether or not the trial court made the allowance to the proper parties is not before this court, because it was not covered in appellants' motion for a new trial. In any event, the allowance of the trial court was proper. Trautz v. Lemp, 334 Mo. 1085, 72 S.W.2d 104. (5) The order of the trial court making the allowance of fees was for a proper amount. Trautz v. Lemp, 334 Mo. 1085, 72 S.W.2d 104; Kingston v. St. Louis Union Trust Company, 348 Mo. 448, 154 S.W.2d 39; St. Louis, Trustee for Mullanphy, v. McAllister, 302 Mo. 152, 257 S.W. 425.
This is an appeal by the executors of the estate of Willis G. Brinson, deceased, from an order sustaining a motion filed by Harry E. Myers, Pearl Shaffer, Harriett Criswell, and Marvin B.F. Myers, wherein they sought an allowance of attorneys' fees to their attorneys, Groves Watkins, O.W. Watkins, Jr., Fred M. Wanger, and Thomas E. Atkinson.
This allowance of fees who made in a suit brought by The First Trust Company and Pete Hedgpeth, executors of the will of Willis G. Brinson, deceased, and by Pete Hedgpeth, in his individual capacity, for the construction of the will of Willis G. Brinson. The attorneys securing the allowance of fees here complained of represented certain of the legatees named in the will, they and others being defendants in the will construction suit. They contended, unsuccessfully, for a construction of the will that would have given their clients a greater distributive share of the testator's estate than that which they received. The appellants, who were plaintiffs in said will construction suit, have appealed from the allowance of such attorneys' fees and contend that such allowance is improper and unlawful.
Willis G. Brinson died April 5, 1940. His will was duly probated and the appellants were duly qualified as executors. The will contained the following language:
"I give, bequeath and devise to my legal heirs, who are as follows: my brother Frank M. Brinson of St. Joseph, Missouri; my nephew Pete Hedgpeth of Rockport, Missouri; my niece Mrs. Charles Criswell, of Chickasha, Oklahoma; my niece Mrs. Pearl Shaffer of St. Joseph, Missouri; my nephew H.E. Myers of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania; my nephew Marvin B.F. Myers of Wichita, Kansas; in complete and perfect ownership all of my rights and property of every kind and nature, whether real or personal wherever situated —
"My half brother, Leonard Lyon, died in January, 1892, leaving a son Frank Lyon, whom I have not heard of for many years. I have no knowledge as to whether he is living or dead. If my nephew Frank Lyon should be living I bequeath to him the sum of Ten Dollars ($10.00) to be paid out of my estate."
All of testator's heirs named in his will survived him except Frank Lyon who died sometime prior to testator's death leaving three children who were also named as defendants in the will construction suit. The questions raised by plaintiffs were:
First, do the legatees named in the will take equally, share and share alike, or do they take as heirs would take according to statutes of descent of Missouri; and, Second, do the children of Frank Lyon take anything?
Groves Watkins, O.W. Watkins, Jr., and Fred M. Wanger filed answer for Harry E. Myers, Pearl Shaffer, Mrs. Criswell and Marvin B.F. Myers, heirs of the half blood of testator, alleging that their clients, who were the only surviving children of Mamie Lyon Myers, a sister of the half blood of the testator, share equally with all other legatees named by the testator. It was contended that each of said legatees so named took a one-sixth interest in said estate. Pete Hedgpeth, a nephew of the half blood of testator, and Frank Brinson, a brother of the whole blood, contended that the legatees named took, under the will, the same share of said estate that they would have taken as heirs under the statutes. Frank Lyon died prior to testator's death and his children contended that they took, under the will, the same share that they could have taken as heirs at law if Willis Brinson had died intestate. The case was tried in the Circuit Court and appealed to the Supreme Court where it was argued before Division No. 1, then before the court en banc and, on disqualification of one of the judges, it was again argued before the court en banc. There is no question but that the will is ambiguous and court construction was a necessity.
Since the children of Frank Lyon are not parties to this appeal we shall, hereafter, refer to the executors as appellants and to the defendants who filed this motion as respondents. Respondents sought an allowance of $3,000 and the court allowed $1658.52.
The attorneys above mentioned were retained by their clients under an agreement by the terms of which they were to receive a specified contingent fee.
At the time of the hearing on the motion, the executors had reduced the assets of the estate to cash and had on hand $81,901.99, of which some $75,000 would, eventually, be available for distribution to the beneficiaries of the will.
Respondents contend that the appeal should be dismissed because it was taken and is prosecuted by the executors who, respondents claim, are not aggrieved by the judgment appealed from.
An appeal prosecuted by an administrator or executor should be dismissed if such administrator or executor is not aggrieved by the judgment appealed from. [Love v. White, 348 Mo. 640, 154 S.W.2d 759, l.c. 760; Smith v. Oliver, 157 S.W.2d 558; In re Whitsett's Estate, 172 S.W.2d 965, l.c. 966.] There is no question but that the law is as declared in the cited decisions; but the question here is: May the executors, as such, maintain this appeal?
In Sandusky, Exr., v. Sandusky, 265 Mo. 219, the executor and trustee appealed to this court from an order allowing attorneys' fees in a will construction case. This court transferred the cause to the Supreme Court where the appeal was entertained and the judgment was reversed. In Trautz v. Lemp, 72 S.W.2d 104, l.c. 107, the Supreme Court ruled a case dealing with allowance of attorneys' fees wherein the executors and trustees had appealed. The court, nor any of the parties, raised any jurisdictional question. In Love v. White, supra, the court held that the question of the right of an executor or administrator to appeal from a judgment by which he had not been aggrieved, was jurisdictional and could be raised by the court itself. In both the Sandusky and Trautz cases appeals were by executors and trustees; but we can see no difference, in principle, between the status of an executor and that of a trustee so far as the right to appeal an order allowing attorney's fees.
We are cited to no decision in Missouri ruling the question. However, as heretofore stated, that is not the first case in which an executor or administrator and trustee have appealed from an order allowing attorneys' fees against an estate. It would seem, therefore, that the practice has the tacit approval of the Supreme Court. That court has the power, often exercised, to dismiss an appeal for lack of jurisdiction, on its own motion. It would not have ruled on the merits of such cases had it not considered that it had jurisdiction. We are loath to render a decision in this case which, by inference, would indicate that this court thought that the Supreme Court, had exercised jurisdiction in similar cases when, in fact, it had none. Furthermore, if such an allowance, in a given case, were either unlawful or exorbitant, it ought to be the duty of the executor to appeal, otherwise creditors would be without remedy. If there should be no creditors who would suffer, as in this case at bar, yet there might be infants and incompetents, or unknown and uninformed beneficiaries, unable properly to protect the estate or their interests therein. The right of appeal is statutory and does not exist unless so authorized; but the object to be subserved by appeal is to get at the very right of the cause and statutes pertaining to procedure should be liberally construed to the end that courts shall not plant thorns in the paths of appeal. [Stid v. Railroad, 211 Mo. 411, l.c. 418.] In holding, as we do, that executors and administrators are proper persons to appeal in cases of this kind we are not in conflict with the decision of any appellate court of this state; we are following the established practice of the Supreme Court; and such a holding would appear to be in harmony with both reason and equity in cases where attorneys' fees are allowed.
The Supreme Court of Colorado, in In re Curtis' Estate, 86 P.2d 260, held that the executor had no appealable interest in a case where attorneys' fees had been allowed in a will construction case. The reason assigned for the ruling is that the executor had no interest in what particular construction the court might have given the will in the main case. It is true that he had no interest in what might prove to be the true construction; but he was interested in having the court give it a proper construction, and in conserving the assets of the estate for the purposes to which they were to be eventually devoted. Furthermore, the court did not finally rest its decision on the reason above stated. If it had done so it should have dismissed the appeal. Instead, it ruled the merits of the case and held that such fees were allowable under the Colorado Statutes. We are not persuaded to follow that decision.
It is well settled in this state that the court may, under certain conditions, allow a reasonable amount to parties litigant in proceedings touching trusts, as attorneys' fees. [Drake v. Crane, 66 Mo. App. 495, l.c. 499; Sandusky, Exr., v. Sandusky, 265 Mo. 219; Hartnett v. Langan, 282 Mo. 471, l.c. 490; Trautz v. Lemp, 334 Mo. 1085, 72 S.W.2d 104; Trautz v. St. Louis, Trustee for Mullanphy v. McAllister, 302 Mo. 152, l.c. 158, 257 S.W. 425, l.c. 426; Kingston v. St. Louis Union Trust Company, 348 Mo. 448, 154 S.W.2d 39.] (If a trust is set up under a will and if the terms of the will concerning the trust are ambiguous a suit for construction may be instituted and all parties participating therein may be awarded attorneys' fees. [Kingston v. St. Louis Union Trust Company, supra, l.c. (Mo.) 458, 459.] Such allowances are made on the theory that they are proper if the efforts of such participants are helpful to the court and directed toward upholding the trust, or if the trust otherwise benefits thereby.) [Trautz v. Lemp, supra, l.c. (S.W.2d 110.]
We have found no decision by an appellate court of this state in a simple will construction case, where no trust is involved, which holds that any party, other than the executor, is entitled to an allowance for attorneys' fees. In all of the above cited cases, and in others which we have examined, trusts were involved in some way.
It is stated in Corpus Juris that the rule in Missouri in will construction cases is that none, other than the executor, is entitled to an allowance for attorneys' fees, 69 C.J. 905. As authority for that declaratoin Hartnett v. Langan and Drake v. Crane, both supra, are cited. Both involve trusts.
In Hartnett v. Langan, supra, l.c. (Mo.) 490, the court said:
"As we understand the authorities, including Sandusky v. Sandusky, 265 Mo. 219, relied upon by the plaintiffs, it is only the executor or other parties appointed to carry out the provisions of a will who are allowed counsel fees in suits for the construction of the will. . . ."
But for what the Supreme Court there said the author of this opinion would be inclined to doubt that the decisions have established such a clearly defined rule as is declared in Corpus Juris, supra.
Appellants contend that the St. Louis Court of Appeals recognized the rule, and adhered to it, in Littleton v. General American Life Insurance Company, 136 S.W.2d 433, l.c. 441. However, the case there ruled was one for the construction of a will wherein a trust was involved and, while the court cited Hartnett v. Langan, supra, as authority for disallowing attorneys' fees, it is by no means clear that the court had in mind the above quoted language of the opinion in the Langan case, since that case also involved a trust. Without further discussion of whether or not such a rule has been formulated or promulgated by the decisions, we think it should be the rule and that respondents, not being the executors, are not entitled to an allowance for attorneys' fees in a simple will construction case where no trust was involved.
The judgment should be reversed. Boyer, C., concurs.
The foregoing opinion of SPERRY, C., is adopted as the opinion of the court. The judgment is reversed. All concur.