Summary
In Tatum v. United States, 114 U.S.App.D.C. 188, 313 F.2d 579, the defendant was arrested at 8:00 p.m., and arrived at the police station about 8:50 p.m.
Summary of this case from United States v. MihalopoulosOpinion
No. 16881.
Argued September 25, 1962.
Decided December 20, 1962.
Mr. Dickson R. Loos, Washington, D.C. (appointed by this court) for appellant.
Mr. Daniel Rezneck, Asst. U.S. Atty., with whom Messrs. David C. Acheson, U.S. Atty. and Nathan J. Paulson, Asst. U.S. Atty., and Nathan J. Paulson, Asst. filed, were on the brief, for appellee. Messrs. Frank Q. Nebeker, Asst. U.S. Atty., and John R. Schmertz, Jr., Asst. U.S. Atty. at the time the record was filed, also entered appearances for appellee.
Before EDGERTON, WASHINGTON, and BASTIAN, Circuit Judges.
Appellant drove the car involved in the Sheriff Road robbery-killing. Facts are stated in our opinion in Jackson v. United States, 114 U.S.App.D.C. ___, 313 F.2d 572 (1962).
Appellant was arrested shortly after 8:00 p.m. on January 17, 1961 and brought to the 14th precinct police station about 8:50. He was questioned for ten minutes in the lobby and denied all knowledge of the crime. He was then put in the cellblock. At 10:30 he was "booked". At 11:00 he was confronted by Coleman who had just made a written confession. Appellant still denied complicity. He made a non-incriminating statement at 11:15 p.m. He was questioned, partly in the absence of Coleman, from 11:15 till midnight. He still maintained his innocence. At 12:15 or 12:25 a.m. on January 18, while Detective Shirley was preparing a "lineup sheet," appellant is said to have agreed to confess. His written confession was completed at 3:00 a.m. He was brought before the United States Commissioner at 10:00 a.m.
The confession should have been excluded under the McNabb-Up-shaw-Mallory rule. F.R.Crim.P. 5(a); Mallory v. United States, 354 U.S. 449, 77 S.Ct. 1356, 1 L.Ed.2d 1479 (1957). Probably when he denied all knowledge of the crime about 9:00 p.m. after ten minutes questioning, and certainly when he did so again upon confronting Coleman at 11:00 p.m., the police should have taken him before a magistrate or else released him. As we point out in Coleman v. United States, 114 U.S.App.D.C. ___, 313 F.2d 576, a magistrate is regularly available at any hour. The circumstances in which appellant's statements were obtained on the morning of January 18 are inconsistent with the legislative purpose "to avoid all the evil implications of secret interrogation of persons accused of crime." McNabb v. United States, 318 U.S. 332, 344, 63 S.Ct. 608, 614, 87 L.Ed. 819 (1943). Cf. Anderson v. United States, 318 U.S. 350, 355, 63 S.Ct. 599, 87 L.Ed. 829 (1943). "[T]he delay must not be of a nature to give opportunity for the extraction of a confession." Mallory v. United States, 354 U.S. at 455, 77 S.Ct. at 1360. We must apply the rule that "a confession is inadmissible if made during illegal detention due to failure promptly to carry a prisoner before a committing magistrate * * *." Upshaw v. United States, 335 U.S. 410, 413, 69 S.Ct. 170, 172, 93 L.Ed. 100 (1948).
The judgment must be reversed and the case remanded for a new trial.
Reversed and remanded.