WHIPPLE, C.J.

Donovan Taplette, Louisiana State Penitentiary, Angola, LA, Plaintiff/Appellant, pro se

Jonathan Vining, Baton Rouge, LA, Counsel for Defendant/Appellee, Louisiana Department of Public Safety and Corrections

BEFORE: WHIPPLE, C.J., WELCH, AND CHUTZ, JJ.

WHIPPLE, C.J. This matter is before us on appeal by plaintiff, Donovan Taplette, an inmate in the custody of the Department of Public Safety and Corrections (DPSC), from a judgment of the district court dismissing his petition for judicial review with prejudice. For the following reasons, we affirm.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

On April 26, 2018, Taplette, an inmate in the custody of DPSC and housed at the Louisiana State Penitentiary, was issued a disciplinary report for violating Rule 1 (Contraband), Rule 3 (Defiance), and Rule 5 (Aggravated Disobedience) of the Disciplinary Rules and Procedures for Adult Offenders (Disciplinary Rule). According to the disciplinary report, Taplette resisted a "shakedown" of his person after receiving several direct verbal orders to comply. Taplette continued to resist by walking toward his cell, forcing the commanding officer to exert necessary force to restrain Taplette in order to conduct the search. Thereafter, a cellular phone was found in Taplette's back pants pocket.

Following a hearing, the Disciplinary Board found Taplette guilty of all three rule violations and imposed the following sanctions: (1) forfeiture of 90 days good time and loss of 12 weeks yard privileges for violation of Rule 1; (2) loss of 12 weeks telephone privileges and loss of 12 weeks canteen privileges for violation of Rule 3; and (3) forfeiture of 90 days good time and loss of 12 weeks yard privileges for violation of Rule 5. Taplette appealed the decision to the warden and the Secretary of the DPSC, both of whom denied his appeal.

On October 25, 2018, Taplette filed a petition for judicial review in the Nineteenth Judicial District Court, seeking review of the finding that he was guilty of the charged rule violations and alleging that at the Disciplinary Board hearing he was denied the right to present witness testimony in the form of an affidavit of another inmate attesting that the cell phone belonged to him. Taplette also argued that the sanctions imposed for the rule violations were excessive. The DPSC answered, denying Taplette's claims and arguing that Taplette was afforded due process and the sanctions imposed were warranted based on the seriousness of the offense and the need to protect the institution, employees and others. The case was assigned to a commissioner for evaluation and to make a recommendation to the district court judge pursuant to LSA-R.S. 15:1178(B). The Commissioner found that Taplette's due process rights were satisfied because he was given a hearing, he was represented by inmate counsel, he was permitted to present the subject affidavit, and he was given the right to appeal the adverse decision. The Commissioner also found that the sanctions imposed by the Disciplinary Board were valid and authorized for Schedule B Rule violations under the DPSC's Disciplinary Rules. The Commissioner explained that, while Taplette received the maximum forfeiture of good time listed in Department Regulation No. B-05-006, Attachment A (Forfeiture of Good Time Matrix) for his violation of Rule 5, the Forfeiture of Good Time Matrix served merely as a guideline of suggested sanctions; mitigating and aggravating circumstances could require a deviation from the guidelines. The Commissioner concluded that Taplette failed to raise a justiciable substantial rights violation and that DPSC's decision on the merits was not arbitrary, capricious, manifestly erroneous or in violation of any of Taplette's statutory or constitutional rights. As such, the Commissioner recommended the disciplinary decision be affirmed and Taplette's appeal be dismissed with prejudice.

Taplette filed a traversal to the Commissioner's recommendation, arguing that the sanctions imposed were excessive and that DPSC lacked authority to impose the forfeiture of his good time because he had not yet earned good time. On October 29, 2019, the district court adopted the recommendation of the Commissioner after a de novo review of the record and signed a judgment dismissing Taplette's petition with prejudice. It is from this judgment that Taplette appeals.

DISCUSSION

Pursuant to LSA-R.S. 15:1177(A)(9), a district court may modify or reverse a decision of DPSC in a prison disciplinary action "only if substantial rights of the appellant have been prejudiced" because DPSC's findings or decisions are: (1) in violation of constitutional or statutory provisions; (2) in excess of the statutory authority of the agency; (3) made upon unlawful procedure; (4) affected by other error of law; (5) arbitrary, capricious, or characterized by abuse of discretion; or (6) manifestly erroneous in view of the reliable, probative, and substantial evidence on the whole record. Drake v. Louisiana Department of Public Safety and Corrections, 2016-1356 (La. App. 1st Cir. 6/2/17), 222 So. 3d 1272, 1273. On review of the district court's judgment under LSA-R.S. 15:1177, no deference is owed by the court of appeal to the factual findings or legal conclusions of the district court, just as no deference is owed by the Louisiana Supreme Court to factual findings or legal conclusions of the court of appeal. McCoy v. Stalder, 1999-1747 (La. App. 1st Cir. 9/22/00), 770 So. 2d 447, 450-51.

Lawful incarceration brings about the necessary withdrawal or limitation of many privileges and rights, a retraction justified by the considerations underlying our penal system. Discipline by prison officials in response to a wide range of misconduct falls within the expected perimeters of the sentence imposed by a court of law. Sandin v. Conner, 515 U.S. 472, 485, 115 S. Ct. 2293, 2301, 132 L. Ed. 2d 418 (1995). Thus, in order for Taplette's petition to state a cognizable claim for judicial review of a disciplinary matter, it must allege facts demonstrating that his "substantial rights" were prejudiced by DPSC's decision. Dorsey v. Louisiana Dep't of Pub. Safety & Corr., 2018-0416 (La. App. 1st Cir. 9/24/18), 259 So. 3d 369, 371.

Loss of good time may be considered an "atypical, significant deprivation" because it affects the date of eventual release. See Sandin, 515 U.S. at 486, 115 S.Ct. at 2301. However, the Department is authorized by statute to administer, manage, and operate "all state institutions for the care, custody and correction of persons sentenced for felonies or misdemeanors." LSA-R.S. 15:821. Additionally, LSA-R.S. 15:571.4 provides for the forfeiture of good time and authorizes DPSC, and its Secretary, to regulate how good time is both earned and forfeited. DPSC has promulgated Rule 1 (Contraband), Rule 3 (Defiance), and Rule 5 (Aggravated Disobedience), all of which are classified as Schedule B Rule violations and are punishable by the forfeiture of up to 90 days good time for each violation. LAC 22:1.341(G)(6)(f) & (I).

Taplette argues his substantial rights have been violated because the sanction imposed for his Rule 5 violation was excessive in light of the recommendations set forth in the Forfeiture of Good Time Matrix.

The Forfeiture of Good Time Matrix sets forth a recommendation that 90 days good time be forfeited for a Rule 5 violation when the offender has had seven or more Schedule B Rule violations in the past 90 days. However, DPSC Regulation No. B-05-006 provides in pertinent part that the use of matrix as a guide for sanctions "is encouraged, with the understanding that there may be aggravation or mitigation circumstances which may require deviation from the suggested sanctions." Additionally, the Disciplinary Rules provide that [a]n offender with a poor conduct record may receive a more severe sanction than an offender with a good conduct record for the same offense." LAC 22:1.341(G)(6)(a). The Disciplinary Rules further state that "[a]n offender who has established a documented pattern of behavior indicating that he is dangerous to himself or others is a habitual offender. This includes an offender who has been convicted of three major violations or a total of five violations in a six month period." LAC 22:1.341(G)(6)(f). An inmate found guilty of two Schedule B Rule violations is subject to forfeiture of 90 days good time for each violation. LAC 22:I.341(K).

Although the 90-day good time forfeiture imposed for Taplette's Rule 5 violation is on the higher end of the recommendation set forth in the Forfeiture of Good Time Matrix, it does not exceed the recommendation. Additionally, none of the sanctions imposed in this matter exceed the penalty provisions in the Disciplinary Rules. See LAC 22:1.341(K). Thus, Taplette failed to demonstrate that DPSC exceeded its statutory authority by imposing the sanctions. Furthermore, Taplette's Rule 5 violation for aggravated disobedience must be considered in light of the fact that he committed two other Schedule B Rule violations at the same time. In fact, Taplette is considered a habitual offender under the Disciplinary Rules. See LAC 22:I.341(G)(6)(f). Taplette's actions resisting the shakedown and disobeying the orders of the commanding officer required the officer to exert necessary force, which could have resulted in injuries to the officer, Taplette, and potentially others. Considering DPSC's obligation to ensure the care, custody and correction of the inmates placed under its supervision, we do not find that DPSC abused its discretion by imposing the sanctions, nor do we find that its decision was arbitrary, capricious, manifestly erroneous, or in violation of Taplette's statutory or constitutional rights. Accordingly, Taplette failed to demonstrate that his substantial rights were prejudiced by DPSC's decision.

CONCLUSION

For the above and foregoing reasons, the October 29, 2019 judgment of the district court, dismissing Donovan Taplette's petition for judicial review with prejudice, is affirmed. Costs of this appeal in the amount of $771.50 are assessed against Donovan Taplette.

AFFIRMED.