Opinion
A99A0688.
DECIDED: APRIL 12, 1999
Aggravated child molestation. Fannin Superior Court. Before Judge Milam.
David E. Ralston, for appellant.
Roger Queen, District Attorney, William B. Britt, Assistant District Attorney, for appellee.
Ron Sweet appeals his convictions, following a jury trial, of aggravated child molestation and child molestation of his three-year-old daughter. Sweet contends (1) that the evidence was insufficient to support the verdict and (2) that the trial court erred in admitting similar transaction evidence.
The jury found Sweet not guilty of one count of cruelty to children regarding his three-year-old daughter and one count of cruelty to children and two counts of child molestation regarding another minor female child.
1. On appeal the evidence must be viewed in the light most favorable to support the verdict, and appellant no longer enjoys a presumption of innocence; moreover, an appellate court determines evidence sufficiency and does not weigh the evidence or determine witness credibility.
(Punctuation omitted.) Patterson v. State, 233 Ga. App. 776 (1) ( 505 S.E.2d 518) (1998). See also Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307 ( 99 S.C. 2781, 61 L.E.2d 560) (1979).
Viewed in the light most favorable to support the verdict, the evidence reveals that Teresa Carol Bailey, mother of the victim, testified that the victim returned from visitation with Sweet, her father, exhibiting a "very red" vagina and complaining of pain. The victim told her mother that Sweet had "licked her butt and tickled it." Bailey testified that when her daughter referred to her "butt," she was actually indicating her vagina. When Bailey confronted Sweet with the child's allegations, Sweet said that nobody would believe her because of his stature in the community. Kathy Kolberg, case manager for the Fannin County Department of Family Children Services, testified that she interviewed the victim and was told by her that her "Daddy" licked her in her private area.
Sweet was convicted of (1) aggravated child molestation in that he licked the victim's vagina with the intent to satisfy his sexual desires and (2) child molestation in that he touched the groin area of the victim with the intent to satisfy his sexual desires. Even without the consideration of the similar transaction evidence, we conclude that a rational trier of fact could have found Sweet guilty beyond a reasonable doubt of the offenses charged.
Sexual offenses against children necessarily occur in secret. This is one reason that Georgia law does not require corroboration of a child molestation victim's testimony. Scales v. State, 171 Ga. App. 924 (2) ( 321 S.E.2d 764) (1984); see Baker v. State, 245 Ga. 657, 664 (5) ( 266 S.E.2d 477) (1980); see also OCGA § 24-4-8. Accordingly, "(t)aking the victim's testimony as true, as we must, it alone was clearly sufficient to authorize [Sweet's] conviction of the (offenses as charged) under the standard set forth in Jackson v. Virginia, (supra)." Bryant v. State, 226 Ga. App. 135, 136 ( 486 S.E.2d 374) (1997).
Cantrell v. State, 231 Ga. App. 629, 630 ( 500 S.E.2d 386) (1998).
2. (T)he rules regarding the use of similar transaction evidence are construed most liberally in cases involving sexual offenses. (Cit.)" Lumsden v. State, 222 Ga. App. 635, 636 (1) ( 475 S.E.2d 681) (1996). Moreover, "(a) trial court's determination that similar transaction evidence is admissible will not be disturbed absent an abuse of discretion." Farmer v. State, 231 Ga. App. 78, 79 (1) ( 498 S.E.2d 559) (1998).
Mangham v. State, 234 Ga. App. 567, 569 (1) ( 507 S.E.2d 806) (1998).
In the present case, during the hearing pursuant to USCR 31.1, the State proferred that two witnesses would testify as to similar transactions. First, Sweet's older daughter would testify that when she was 11 years old, Sweet would touch her vagina on the pretense of "checking for ticks." Sweet would also seek to dry off her private area after she took a bath. The witness would also testify as to other incidents in which Sweet would attempt to see her naked or expose himself to her while he was in a naked condition. The witness was twenty-one years old at the time of trial, making the similar transactions occur approximately ten years in the past. The second similar transaction witness was Sweet's sister. The State proferred that his sister would testify that when she was child, Sweet would touch her vagina while he masturbated. Sweet's sister testified that she was six to nine years old when these incidents occurred and thirty-eight years old at the time of the trial, making the similar transactions occur approximately twenty-nine to thirty-two years in the past. The trial court determined that the similar transaction evidence was admissible to show bent of mind, lustful disposition, scheme and motive or intent.
Sweet contends that the similar transaction evidence was too remote in time. In Gilstrap v. State, 261 Ga. 798, 799 (1) (b) ( 410 S.E.2d 423) (1991), the Georgia Supreme Court held that [w]here "similar transaction" evidence has been admissible otherwise, lapses of time of 11 years and of 19 years have not demanded that the evidence was inadmissible. It should be clear, however, that an event 31 years in the past is too remote. (Citations omitted.) Id. Therein, however, our Supreme Court was primarily concerned with the fact that the State prejudiced the defendant by putting up all of its similar transaction before putting up evidence directly related to the specific charges. This was not a concern in the present case. In Snow v. State, 213 Ga. App. 571, 572 (2) ( 445 S.E.2d 353) (1994), we found that where a grandfather was charged with molestation of his granddaughters, similar transactions showing that he molested his daughters were admissible as they evidenced a continuous course of identical conduct over a 27-year period. Also in Nichols v. State, 221 Ga. App. 600, 601-602 (3)( 473 S.E.2d 491) (1996), where the defendant was charged with raping his stepdaughter, we allowed similar transaction evidence showing that he had sexually assaulted his teenage daughters 24 and 27 years prior to trial. The present case shows a similar continuous course of conduct on the defendant's part.
Additionally, any error in allowing the similar transaction evidence was clearly harmless for the reasons set forth in Division 1. See Brooks v. State, 232 Ga. App. 115, 116 ( 501 S.E.2d 286) (1998) (applying the harmless error rule to admission of similar transaction evidence in a case involving child molestation and incest).
Judgment affirmed. Barnes, J., and Senior Appellate Judge Harold R. Banke concur.