Summary
In Suneson v. Suneson, 24 Mass.App.Ct. 940, 940–941, 508 N.E.2d 891 (1987), we concluded that a husband would be estopped from denying the validity of his marriage even though it turned out that the marriage was invalid because the putative wife's Mexican divorce from her previous husband was fraudulent and invalid.
Summary of this case from Bedard v. CorlissOpinion
June 18, 1987.
Estoppel. Divorce and Separation, Judgment, Pension benefits.
Thomas F. McGuire for the plaintiff.
Gregory V. Roach for Yvonne Suneson.
In this action brought in the Superior Court under G.L.c. 231A, the plaintiff, Norman Suneson, seeks a declaration that he, and not Yvonne Suneson, is entitled to the retirement benefits under G.L.c. 32 of his deceased brother, Paul Suneson. The case was tried on the basis that if Yvonne is considered Paul's widow, by reason of estoppel, her claim, rather than Norman's, will prevail.
Estoppel does not make a marriage valid; rather, the estopped person may not claim that the marriage is invalid. See Poor v. Poor, 381 Mass. 392, 396 n. 6 (1980).
We take our facts from the memorandum of decision of the trial judge, and we also adopt his reasoning. In 1971, Yvonne's then husband, Louis Bilodeau, told her he was going to obtain a Mexican divorce. Yvonne consented and signed several forms, including a form submitting to the jurisdiction of the Mexican court and assenting to the entry of a divorce decree. Shortly thereafter, she received through the mail a copy of a three-page document entitled "Final Divorce Decree."
Prior to Paul's marriage to Yvonne in 1977, Paul examined the Mexican divorce papers which were filed in the city clerk's office in Gardner. Both Paul and Yvonne entered into their marriage believing themselves free to marry. They separated in 1980, and in 1982 Paul designated Norman as his beneficiary under G.L.c. 32, § 11.
After Paul's death in 1983, an investigation revealed that the Mexican court that purportedly had issued the divorce decree had no record of any action between Yvonne and Louis Bilodeau and had no record of any divorce decree. It thus appears that an attorney for Bilodeau sent the parties a fraudulent and invalid Mexican decree.
Despite the probable invalidity of Yvonne's divorce, the trial judge, relying on Poor v. Poor, 381 Mass. 392 (1980), treated the case as one where, balancing the equities, Paul would now be estopped from challenging the divorce. In Poor, where the wife relied in good faith on the validity of her divorce and both parties "undertook their marital obligations in the belief that [the wife's] divorce was valid . . ." the court stated at 396, "There is no reason to permit either party now to contradict vows solemnly and deliberately made. . . ." See also Kosak v. MacKechnie, ante 20, 23-24 (1987).
Norman urges that Poor is inapplicable because here there is no foreign judgment but only a fake decree. We, however, agree with the trial judge, who said: "As long as the parties' belief is sincere, it makes little difference [for purposes of estoppel] whether the divorce was issued by a Mexican court that lacked jurisdiction, or whether it was issued by an attorney doing a brisk business in fraudulent Mexican divorces." See Clark, Estoppel Against Jurisdictional Attack on Decrees of Divorce, 70 Yale L.J. 45, 59-60, and cases cited in n. 73 (1960).
We also agree with the judge that Norman, a stranger to the marriage, has standing only as Paul's designee and, as such, is to be estopped "just as Paul would have been estopped." See Restatement (Second), Conflict of Laws § 74 comment b (1971), which states: "Estoppel against a particular person will be effective against those in privity with him as, for example, his agents, legatees and personal representatives." See also Edgar v. Richardson, 33 Ohio St. 581, 591 (1878).
Judgment affirmed.