Opinion
No. 85-545
Opinion Filed February 27, 1987
Limitation of Actions — Damage to Personal Property — Nature of Harm Done
Where plaintiff brought action for damages to his livestock caused by insecticide four and one-half years after he purchased, used, and was allegedly damaged by product, trial court correctly concluded that nature of harm done was determining factor in construing 12 V.S.A. §§ 512(5) (three year statute of limitations for damage to personal property) and 511 (six year statute of limitations for actions sounding in fraud); since complaint in substance asserted damage to personal property, claim was absolutely barred by statute of limitations.
Appeal by plaintiff from trial court's grant of summary judgment dismissing his action for damage to personal property as untimely under statute of limitations. Orange Superior Court, Bryan, J., presiding. Affirmed.
Richard E. Davis and Carolyn Tonelli of Richard E. Davis Associates, Inc., Barre, for Plaintiff-Appellant.
Richard A. Axelrod and Steven A. Adler of Gensburg Axelrod, St. Johnsbury, for Defendant-Appellee E. T. H. K. Ide Co.
Paul R. Bowles of Paul, Frank Collins, Inc., Burlington, for Defendant-Appellee Eastern Crown, Inc.
George A. Holoch, Jr., and Robert R. McKearin of Dinse, Erdmann Clapp, Burlington, for Defendant-Appellee Rockland Chemical Co.
Present: Barney, C.J. (Ret.), Keyser, J. (Ret.), Martin, Supr. J., and Costello, D.J. (Ret.), Specially Assigned
Plaintiff appeals from a summary judgment dismissing his complaint as untimely under the Vermont statute of limitations. We affirm.
Plaintiff purchased an insecticide from defendant on August 26, 1980, asserting that he did so under the representation that the insecticide was safe for spraying animals. Plaintiff used the product in his barn and thereafter claimed that it killed one cow and caused damage to others, with resultant losses and expenses. Defendant E. T. H. K. Ide, Inc. sued the distributor, Eastern Crown, Inc. as a third-party defendant, which in turn joined the manufacturer, Rockland Chemical Company, Inc. as a third-party defendant.
In December, 1980 plaintiff retained counsel and brought an action in the federal district court in Vermont. That case was dismissed by stipulation on July 21, 1981. The present action was brought in December, 1984, some four and one-half years after he purchased, used, and was allegedly damaged by the product. Defendants moved for summary judgment under V.R.C.P. 56, contending that the facts alleged fell within the parameters of 12 V.S.A. § 512(5), which states:
Actions for the following causes shall be commenced within three years after the cause of action accrues, and not after:
. . . .
(5) Damage to personal property suffered by the act or default of another.
Plaintiff, however, asserts that the complaint sounded in fraud and should be governed by the provisions of 12 V.S.A. § 511, which allows a six-year limitations period.
The trial court, relying on Kinney v. Goodyear Tire Rubber Co., 134 Vt. 571, 367 A.2d 677 (1976), correctly concluded that the nature of the harm done is the determining factor in construing the two limitations provisions, rather than the plaintiff's characterization of the action.
The court found that the complaint stated a cause of action for "damage to personal property suffered by the act or default of another" within the meaning of 12 V.S.A. § 512(5). Since there was no genuine issue as to any material fact concerning the passage of the approximately four and one-half years since plaintiff's purchase, it granted summary judgment for defendants.
Plaintiff's efforts to distinguish Kinney are unavailing. That case involved 12 V.S.A. § 512(4), rather than § 512(5), but, for limitations purposes, this is a distinction without a difference. There can be no doubt that in substance the complaint asserted damage to personal property and that this claim was absolutely barred by the statute. Affirmed.