Summary
In State v. Morehouse, 41 Wn. App. 334, 704 P.2d 168 (1985), the informant told the police that he could buy marijuana from a "middle man".
Summary of this case from United States v. SpeaksOpinion
No. 13461-2-I.
August 5, 1985.
[1] Searches and Seizures — Warrant — Informant — Information From Third Party. When an informant's tip is based on information provided by a third party, probable cause to search depends upon a showing of the basis of the third party's knowledge and the basis for believing that the third party is credible or that his information is reliable.
Nature of Action: Prosecution for possession of marijuana with intent to deliver. A search warrant for the defendant's house was based on a third party's delivery of marijuana purchased at the house to an informant. The reversal of the trial court's suppression of the marijuana seized at the house reported at 38 Wn. App. 191 was remanded to the Court of Appeals by the Supreme Court at 102 Wn.2d 1025 for reconsideration.
Court of Appeals: Holding that the affidavit supporting the search warrant was insufficient absent a showing of the third party's reliability and the basis of his knowledge, the court affirms the suppression.
Seth Dawson, Prosecuting Attorney, and S. Aaron Fine, Deputy, for appellant.
Maxine Stansell of Snohomish County Public Defender Association, for respondent.
James Nolan Morehouse was charged by information with possession of marijuana with intent to deliver in violation of RCW 69.50.401(a)(1). His motion to suppress the evidence seized from his home during execution of a search warrant was granted on the ground that the affidavit in support of the warrant did not establish the middleman's basis of knowledge or credibility. The charges against Morehouse were then dismissed and the State appealed. This court filed its opinion on July 23, 1984, State v. Morehouse, 38 Wn. App. 191, 684 P.2d 1348 (1984), reversing the trial court on the ground that under the "totality of the circumstances" test the affidavit was sufficient to justify issuance of a search warrant. Subsequently the Washington Supreme Court rejected the "totality of circumstances" test in State v. Jackson, 102 Wn.2d 432, 688 P.2d 136 (1984) and remanded this case for reconsideration, 102 Wn.2d 1025 (1984).
In September 1982, Everett police detectives were contacted by an informant who had previously given them information leading to the arrest of six persons and the seizure of large quantities of illegal drugs. The informant told the police that he could buy marijuana from a "middle man" who in turn would purchase the drugs at a residence located at 9012 12th Street N.E. in Everett. This residence later proved to be occupied by James N. Morehouse.
On two separate occasions during 3 days the police observed drug transactions between the informant and the "middle man." Each time the two drove in the "middle man's" car to Morehouse's residence where the "middle man" would go in alone. When he returned the "middle man" gave the informant marijuana. The informant told the police that the "middle man" purchased the drugs in Morehouse's residence. Based on this information, the police obtained a warrant to search the residence, and in the course of that search, discovered and seized 374.5 grams of marijuana.
The issue is whether the trial court erred in granting Morehouse's motion to suppress. The test for sufficiency of a confidential informant's tip to establish probable cause for a search warrant is derived from Spinelli v. United States, 393 U.S. 410, 21 L.Ed.2d 637, 89 S.Ct. 584 (1969) and Aguilar v. Texas, 378 U.S. 108, 12 L.Ed.2d 723, 84 S.Ct. 1509 (1964). The rule is that:
(1) the officer's affidavit must set forth some of the underlying circumstances from which the informant drew his conclusion so that a magistrate can independently evaluate the reliability of the manner in which the informant acquired his information; and (2) the affidavit must set forth some of the underlying circumstances from which the officer concluded that the informant was credible or his information reliable.
State v. Jackson, 102 Wn.2d 432, 435, 688 P.2d 136 (1984).
[1] The evidence given to the magistrate in the affidavit supporting the warrant for the search of the Morehouse residence came from the police who got it from the reliable informant who got it from the "middle man" who purportedly made the illicit buys. The information did not establish the reliability of the "middle man" nor that what he reported to the reliable informant was accurate. There was no way for the magistrate to know when the "middle man" came into possession of the drugs and why he should be considered reliable. The trial court did not err by suppressing the evidence seized pursuant to the search warrant.
In accord with this determination is State v. Smith, 28 Wn. App. 387, 624 P.2d 191 (1981) wherein it is held that when an informant's tip is based on information from a third party, probable cause is not established unless the affidavit contains facts enabling the magistrate to make an independent determination that both the information supplied by the third party and the third party himself are reliable.
Affirmed.
GROSSE and WEBSTER, JJ., concur.
Review denied by Supreme Court October 18, 1985.