Summary
In State v. Neely, supra, the court, while expressly refraining from passing on the right to counsel, concluded that a failure to warn an accused of his right to remain silent made his confession inadmissible.
Summary of this case from State v. MendesOpinion
January 29, 1965.
PRESENT: Condon, C.J., Roberts, Paolino, Powers and Joslin, JJ.
1. APPEAL AND ERROR. Complaint and Warrant. Offense Not Known to Law. Failure to Except Thereto. Appellate Review. Where complaint and warrant were so indefinite as not to meet constitutional requirement of reasonable certainty, Held, that supreme court would, sua sponte, notice such a defect notwithstanding defendant had failed to raise question in bill of exceptions.
2. CRIMINAL LAW. Complaint and Warrant. Substantial Defect. Failure to Consider Below. Whenever it appears that trial justice did not have defendant before him on a complaint known to the law, supreme court will, in the interests of justice, dismiss the same.
CRIMINAL complaint and warrant charging violation of G.L. 1956, § 31-14-1, tried before Carrellas, J., of superior court, sitting without a jury. After a finding of guilty as charged defendant filed bill of exceptions. Decision reversed for reason stated in opinion without regard to exceptions briefed and argued and case remitted to superior court with direction to dismiss the complaint and discharge defendant.
J. Joseph Nugent, Attorney General, Francis A. Kelleher, Assistant Attorney General, for State.
Pontarelli Berberian, Aram K. Berberian, for defendant.
This is a criminal complaint and warrant, charging the defendant with operating a motor vehicle on the public highway at a speed greater than was reasonable and prudent under the conditions and having due regard to the hazards then existing in violation of G.L. 1956, § 31-14-1. The case was tried to a justice of the superior court, sitting without a jury, who found the defendant guilty as charged. The case is here on the defendant's bill of exceptions containing an exception to the denial of the defendant's plea in abatement of the complaint for failure to properly name the state as the complainant, an exception to a ruling excluding certain testimony relative to the health of the defendant, and an exception to the decision on the merits.
At the argument before us defendant and the state briefed each of those exceptions and orally argued them. However, in response to questions from the bench during the course of the oral argument it developed that the complaint and warrant were precisely the same as in State v. Brown, 96 R.I. 236, 196 A.2d 133, and State v. Campbell, 96 R.I. 72, 196 A.2d 131, which we held so indefinite as not to meet the constitutional requirement of reasonable certainty. In each case we directed the superior court to dismiss the complaint and discharge the defendant. We note here that the instant case was tried before either Brown or Campbell was decided.
[1,2] In view of the admission of the state that the instant complaint was based upon a constitutionally defective complaint which did not charge an offense known to the law, we are of the opinion that we should sua sponte notice such defect notwithstanding the defendant has failed to raise the question in his bill of exceptions. The question is akin to one of jurisdiction. In accordance with our holding in Brown and Campbell the superior court was in effect without jurisdiction to try the defendant on the charge in the complaint that had no basis in law, and if it had been called to the trial justice's attention at any time during the trial it would have been his duty to dismiss the complaint. Likewise in this court whenever it appears that the trial justice did not have the defendant before him on a complaint charging an offense known to the law, we conceive it our duty in the interests of justice to do likewise.
For the above reason we reverse the decision below without regard to the exceptions briefed and argued and remit the case to the superior court with direction to dismiss the complaint and discharge the defendant.