Summary
noting that a de novo review entitles the parties "to a reexamination of the whole matter of law and fact" which means that the circuit court is "not concerned with what took place in the lower court; the matter is tried as if no other hearing had occurred"
Summary of this case from State v. WilsonOpinion
April 21, 1998. No Permission to Appeal Applied for to the Supreme Court.
Appeals from the Circuit Court, Madison County, Franklin Murchison, J.
George Morton Googe, District Public Defender, Michael Rasnake (at hearing), Assistant Public Defender, Jackson, John E. Herbison (on appeal), Nashville, for Appellant.
John Knox Walkup, Attorney General and Reporter, Janis L. Turner, Assistant Attorney General, Nashville, James G. Woodall, District Attorney General, Lawrence E. Nicola, Assistant District Attorney General, Jackson, for Appellee.
OPINION
The defendant, Larry Cunningham, appeals the Madison County Circuit Court's order affirming the revocation of his probation by the Municipal Court of Jackson, Tennessee. The defendant contends the trial court erred in not hearing his appeal from municipal court de novo. We agree with the defendant, reverse the revocation, and remand to the trial court to conduct a de novo review.
PROCEDURAL HISTORY
The defendant pled guilty in the Municipal Court of Jackson, Tennessee, to one (1) count of assault and one (1) count of resisting arrest. He received consecutive sentences of eleven (11) months, twenty-nine (29) days, and was fined $100 for each offense. The sentences were suspended except for five (5) days on the resisting arrest charge.
The defendant's probation officer subsequently filed a violation report, and the municipal court revoked the defendant's probation. The defendant timely filed an appeal to the Circuit Court, which affirmed the revocation. The Circuit Court specifically declined to consider the revocation de novo, but rather utilized an abuse of discretion standard. The Circuit Court order "affirmed" the revocation finding that the municipal court "did not abuse its discretion nor act arbitrarily or capriciously by terminating the defendant's probation . . ."
ANALYSIS
The defendant contends the Circuit Court denied him his right to a de novo hearing. Although the state concedes the defendant was entitled to a de novo hearing, it contends the defendant in fact received a de novo hearing.
When a defendant has been arrested and charged with a probation violation, he has a right to a hearing where counsel may represent him and introduce testimony on his behalf. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-311(b). If the court finds by a preponderance of the evidence that the defendant violated the conditions of his probation and reinstates his sentence, the defendant has the right to appeal the judgment. Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-35-311(d). The court to which the defendant appeals is determined by which court heard the revocation proceeding. When a defendant is dissatisfied with a judgment received in a municipal court, as is this defendant, the defendant may appeal the judgment to the Circuit Court subject to the same terms and restrictions as an appeal from general sessions court. Tenn. Code Ann. § 27-5-102. Appeals from general sessions court "shall be heard de novo in the circuit court." Tenn. Code Ann. § 27-5-108(c).
The Municipal Court of Jackson has state criminal jurisdiction. An appeal from that court for the revocation of a suspended sentence goes to the Circuit Court for a de novo hearing. State v. Parrish, 598 S.W.2d 840, 841 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1980); State v. Gerald Bates, C.C.A. No. 01C01-9101-CR-00006, 1991 WL 114386 Sumner County (Tenn. Crim. App. filed June 28, 1991, at Nashville). In a de novo review, "the parties are entitled to a reexamination of the whole matter of law and fact." Richards v. Taylor, 926 S.W.2d 569, 570 (Tenn. App. 1996). The Circuit Court is not concerned with what took place in the lower court; the matter is tried as if no other hearing had occurred. Hohenberg Bros. Co. v. Missouri Pac. R.R. Co., 586 S.W.2d 117, 119 (Tenn. App. 1979).
A de novo hearing encompasses more than just the presentation of proof. The court must try the matter and render judgment as if no judgment had previously been rendered. It is, therefore, incumbent upon the Circuit Court hearing a probation revocation appeal to make an independent judgment following the presentation of proof. This would include a consideration of the various sentencing options if there is a finding that the defendant violated the terms and conditions of probation. Merely reviewing the judgment of the municipal court for abuse of discretion does not satisfy the requirements of the statute.
The written order of the Circuit Court reflects that "grounds exist and were proven which demonstrate the defendant violated the terms and conditions of his Municipal Court probation . . ." The state contends this satisfies the requirement for a de novo hearing. However, our reading of the hearing transcript clearly reveals that the Circuit Court did not rule upon the matter as if no hearing had occurred in the municipal court. The trial court clearly applied an abuse of discretion standard and "affirmed" the revocation by the municipal court.
Accordingly, we REVERSE AND REMAND this case to the Circuit Court of Madison County for a de novo probation revocation hearing.
HAYES and BARKER, JJ., concur.