Summary
In State v. Boyer, 144 Vt. 393, 481 A.2d 15 (1984), we reviewed a double jeopardy claim challenging the validity of an increased sentence imposed under 13 V.S.A. § 7042(b).
Summary of this case from State v. DuvalOpinion
No. 83-003
Opinion Filed April 6, 1984 Mandate Stayed April 25, 1984; Dissolved August 27, 1984.
1. Criminal Law — Sentence — Reconsideration of Sentences
Where at the time defendant was sentenced for careless and negligent operation of a motor vehicle and attempting to elude a police officer the state and the court were unaware that a prior conviction of defendant for driving under the influence had resulted in fatality, since statute governing review of sentence specifically granted the court authority to increase a sentence and the court did not abuse its discretion when it increased defendant's sentence after a hearing and presentence investigation report, the court had authority and jurisdiction to reconsider and revise defendant's sentence once he had begun serving it. 13 V.S.A. § 7042(b).
2. Criminal Law — Sentence — Constitutionality
The Double Jeopardy Clause does not require that a sentence be given a degree of finality that prevents its later increase. 18 U.S.C. § 3576; 13 V.S.A. § 7042(b).
Appeal from review of sentence which resulted in a new sentence imposing increased jail time. District Court, Unit No. 2, Chittenden Circuit, Connarn, J., presiding. Affirmed.
Deborah O. Frankel, Chittenden County Deputy State's Attorney, and James Carroll, Law Clerk (On the Brief), Burlington, for Plaintiff-Appellee.
McNamara Fitzpatrick, Inc., Burlington, for Defendant-Appellant.
Present: Billings, C.J., Hill, Underwood, Peck and Gibson, JJ.
Defendant appeals from a review of his sentence by the Chittenden District Court, which resulted in a new sentence imposing increased jail time. 13 V.S.A. § 7042(b).
Following pleas of nolo contendere on September 13, 1983, the court convicted the defendant of careless and negligent operation of a motor vehicle, 23 V.S.A. § 1091(a), and of attempting to elude a police officer, 23 V.S.A. § 1133. On the same day, he received a suspended sentence, except for fifteen days, and a fine of $250 for these two offenses.
On September 14, 1983, one day after sentencing, the State moved for reconsideration of the sentence under 13 V.S.A. § 7042(b), which provides:
(b) A state's attorney or the attorney general, within seven days of the imposition of a sentence, may file with the sentencing judge a motion to increase, reduce or otherwise modify the sentence. This motion shall set forth reasons why the sentence should be altered. After hearing, the court may confirm, increase, reduce or otherwise modify the sentence.
The State and the court were unaware at the time of sentencing that a prior conviction of defendant for driving under the influence had resulted in a fatality.
Before the hearing on the State's motion, defendant began serving his sentence; he served four consecutive weekends before he was eventually resentenced. The revised sentence required sixty to ninety days to serve on one count and four to six months to serve on the other. The sentences were to be served concurrently. The fine was revised to $350.
On appeal, the defendant argues (1) that the trial court had no authority or jurisdiction to increase his sentence once he had begun serving it; and (2) that the resentencing violated the double jeopardy clause of the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution. We find no error and affirm.
In support of his first argument, defendant relies on State v. Harbaugh, 132 Vt. 569, 326 A.2d 821 (1974), and In re Shequin, 131 Vt. 111, 300 A.2d 536 (1973). As the State correctly points out, however, those cases are not controlling in the instant case. Shequin involved a collateral attack on sentences under Vermont's post-conviction relief statute, 13 V.S.A. §§ 7131-7137, and Harbaugh involved a reduction in sentence apparently on the court's own motion. This case involves a review of sentence under 13 V.S.A. § 7042(b). At the time of both Harbaugh and Shequin, § 7042(b) was not in effect, nor was there any general legislative authority to review sentences. This very point was noted in both Harbaugh, supra, 132 Vt. at 580, 326 A.2d at 827, and Shequin, supra, 131 Vt. at 117, 300 A.2d at 539. Thus, those cases are not controlling.
At oral argument, both parties agreed that a ruling by a trial court under § 7042(b) is discretionary. We are convinced that there was no abuse of discretion when the court increased defendant's sentence after a hearing and presentence investigation report on the motion.
Given the specific grant of authority by the Legislature in § 7042(b), and proper exercise of discretion by the court below, we hold that the court had authority and jurisdiction to reconsider and revise defendant's sentence under 13 V.S.A. § 7042(b).
Similarly we find no violation of defendant's protection against double jeopardy in this case. Observing that the United States Congress had passed legislation allowing the government to seek review of a sentence, 18 U.S.C. § 3576, the United States Supreme Court held that "the Double Jeopardy Clause does not require that a sentence be given a degree of finality that prevents its later increase." United States v. DiFrancesco, 449 U.S. 117, 137 (1980). DiFrancesco controls this case, and we find no violation of double jeopardy under these circumstances.
Affirmed.