Summary
In State v. Bowen, 226 N.C. 601, 39 S.E.2d 740, the use of the words "materially impaired" was held to be without error.
Summary of this case from State v. CombsOpinion
(Filed 16 October, 1946.)
1. Criminal Law § 40a —
Where a defendant lives within six or seven miles of a town and frequently visits the municipality, a witness may properly testify as to his general reputation "around in" the town community, the phrase being sufficient to include the surrounding rural region.
2. Criminal Law § 27 —
The court will take judicial notice of the size and location of a municipality of the State.
3. Automobiles § 30d —
In a prosecution for operating a motor vehicle while under the influence of intoxicants a charge that the burden is on the State to prove beyond reasonable doubt that defendant while operating the vehicle was under the influence of a sufficient quantity of intoxicants to make him lose the normal control of his mental and physical faculties and cause those faculties to be "materially" impaired, is held not to constitute reversible error, although the use of "appreciably" impaired is preferable.
APPEAL by defendant from Carr, J., at April Term, 1946, of PITT.
Attorney-General McMullan and Assistant Attorneys-General Bruton, Rhodes, and Moody for the State.
Sam O. Worthington for defendant, appellant.
Criminal prosecution instituted in recorder's court of Pitt County upon a warrant charging that defendant "did unlawfully and willfully operate a motor vehicle on the public highway of North Carolina while under the influence of alcoholic beverages or narcotic drugs, etc.," heard in Superior Court of Pitt County upon appeal thereto from judgment of recorder's court on verdict of guilty.
Verdict in Superior Court: Guilty.
Judgment: Pronounced.
Defendant appeals therefrom to Supreme Court, and assigns error.
Appellant stresses for error in the main two assignments:
The first arising in this manner: A witness for the State was asked the question: "Do you know the general reputation of Bowen around in the Farmville community?" to which he replied, "Yes, sir." Whereupon, to question interposed by counsel for defendant, the witness replied that defendant does not live in Farmville. But upon further questioning by the solicitor and by the court, the witness testified that defendant goes to Farmville quite often; that he lives about six or seven miles from there; and that he comes there about two or three times a week, "I guess." Upon this the court ruled that that is a part of the community. And to the further question by the solicitor as to what is defendant's character and reputation, the witness replied: "Well, with the exception of Mr. Bowen drinking some, his character is good, but he does have the reputation of drinking." Defendant excepts to denial of his motion to strike the answer.
In this State the testimony of "a character witness is confined to the general reputation of the person whose character is attacked, or supported, in the community in which he lives — depending upon what the witness has heard or learned as to the general opinion of his standing in the community." S. v. Steen, 185 N.C. 768, 117 S.E. 793, and cases cited. In the light of this rule of evidence, defendant contends that the proper foundation was not laid to qualify the witness to testify as to his character, since he, the defendant, did not live in Farmville, and the professed knowledge of the witness related to the character of defendant "around in the Farmville community." However, no exception is taken to the ruling of the court that the Farmville community included the place where defendant lives. But, if there had been, we think the word "around in the community" is comprehensive enough to include the neighboring rural region in which defendant lives. The Court will take judicial notice of size and location of the town of Farmville. See Clark v. City of Greenville, 221 N.C. 255, 20 S.E.2d 56; Mallard v. Housing Authority, 221 N.C. 334, 20 S.E.2d 281.
Hence, there is no error in refusing to strike the answer of the witness.
The second relates to this portion of the charge of the court:
"It is not necessary for the State to satisfy the jury beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant was drunk, but it is necessary that the jury be satisfied beyond a reasonable doubt, the burden being upon the State to so satisfy them, that while the defendant was driving a motor vehicle on the public highway he had in his system a sufficient quantity of some kind of intoxicant to make him lose the normal control of his mental and physical faculties and cause those faculties to be materially impaired."
While the language of this portion of the charge is not identical with that in the opinion by Denny, J., in S. v. Carroll, ante, 237, 37 S.E.2d 688, it is substantially the same. The chief difference is that here the court used the clause "to be materially impaired," whereas in the Carroll case, supra, the words were "appreciable impairment." Webster says "appreciable" means "large or material enough to be recognized or estimated; perceptible; as an appreciable quantity"; and that "materially" means "in an important regard or degree; substantially." While the language of the rule in the Carroll case, supra, is preferred, we fail to see in that used in the present case sufficient difference in meaning for the rule given in the Carroll case, supra, to have been misunderstood by the jury. Hence, the assignment may not be sustained.
Other assignments have been given due consideration, and are found to be without merit.
In the judgment below, we find
No error.