Summary
In State v. Balgie, 76 Wis.2d 206, 206, 251 N.W.2d 36 (1977), the defendant was initially placed on probation which was later revoked administratively.
Summary of this case from State v. LarocheOpinion
No. 75-652-CR.
Submitted on briefs February 2, 1977. —
Decided March 1, 1977.
ERROR to review an order of the circuit court for Winnebago county: EDMUND P. ARPIN, Circuit Judge. Order modified, and, as modified, affirmed.
For the plaintiff in error the cause was submitted on the brief of Bronson C. La Follette, attorney general, and David J. Becker, assistant attorney general.
For the defendant in error the cause was submitted on the brief of Howard B. Eisenberg, state public defender, and Richard M. Sals, assistant state public defender.
Brian P. Balgie, the defendant in error, hereinafter referred to as the defendant, was convicted on July 12, 1974, upon his plea of guilty, of attempting to acquire possession of a controlled substance, percodan, in violation of secs. 161.43(1)(a) and 939.32, Stats. The trial court withheld sentence and placed the defendant on probation for a period of two years.
On October 15, 1975, the defendant's probation was revoked by the Department of Health and Social Services for various violations of the conditions of probation, and he was ordered returned to the trial court for sentencing pursuant to sec. 973.10(2), Stats. After a hearing on October 29, 1975, the trial court stated:
"[T]he Court is of the opinion that the defendant should be resentenced as follows:
"That his period of probation hereinbefore imposed be extended for a period of one year from this date. And that as a condition of continuing probation the defendant be committed to the County Jail of Winnebago County for a period of 10 months; . . . And that the period of incarceration in the county jail be made subject to Huber Law privileges. . . ."
On October 31, 1975, a written order was entered which provided:
"IT IS ADJUDGED that the defendant is hereby committed to the County Jail of Winnebago County for a term of ten (10) months, and defendant's period of probation shall be extended for one (1) year. Deft. to cooperate with probation agent and continue treatment recommended heretofore by the Court. The period of incarceration to be with Huber privileges."
The state obtained a writ of error, under sec. 974.05(1)(c), Stats., contending that the trial court did not have the authority to extend the defendant's probation.
The sole issue presented is whether the trial court had authority to extend a probation for a period of one year where the original probation was revoked.
An examination of the statute delineating the power of the trial court upon revocation of a defendant's probation reveals the trial judge did exceed his authority.
Sec. 973.10(2), Stats., provides in relevant part:
"(2) If a probationer violates the conditions of his probation, the department may order him brought before the court for sentence which shall then be imposed without further stay or if he has already been sentenced, may order him to prison; and the term of the sentence shall begin on the date he enters the prison. . . ."
Under this subsection, where the defendant has not already been sentenced, he is "brought before the court for sentence which shall then be imposed without further stay." Thus, the statute provides the trial court shall impose sentence. While on occasion, the court has construed the word "shall" to mean "may," State ex rel. Werlein v. Elamore, 33 Wis.2d 288, 293-94, 147 N.W.2d 252, 255 (1967), those factors which might lead to such a conclusion are not present in this case. This is not a situation where the statutory provision is "not of the essence of the thing to be done," and therefore may be construed merely directory. See 2 Sutherland, Statutory Construction sec. 2802 at 216 (3d ed. 1973); Estate of Alexander, 75 Wis.2d 168, 184-85, 248 N.W.2d 475, 484 (1977). The statute even excludes the judicial prerogative of staying the sentence imposed. That a probation violator who is ordered to appear before the trial court be sentenced is the objective of this statutory section. It is not concerned simply with procedure and, therefore, permits only the construction that its terms were intended to be mandatory.
Since sec. 973.10(2) mandates that the defendant brought again before the trial court after probation revocation be sentenced, there can be no allowance for the imposition of probation. In Prue v. State, 63 Wis.2d 109, 216 N.W.2d 43 (1974), this court stated, "Certainly in this subsection [973.10(2)] `sentence' does not include probation." Id. at 116, 216 N.W.2d at 46.
It follows, therefore, that the trial judge exceeded his authority under sec. 973.10(2) when, in addition to a ten month sentence under the Huber Law of sec. 56.08, Stats., he extended defendant's term of probation. This conclusion presents a situation similar to that in State Gloudemans, 73 Wis.2d 514, 243 N.W.2d 220 (1976), where the trial judge had exceeded his authority under sec. 973.09(4), Stats., when, as a condition of probation, he ordered the defendant confined in the county jail, without work privileges, for a period of one year. This court resolved the problem in Gloudemans by ordering the condition of confinement, that aspect of the trial judge's judgment which was beyond his authority, stricken. The instant case may be resolved in the same manner. Therefore, the portion of the order extending the defendant's probation is hereby stricken. Striking this portion of the order will not basically affect the trial court's disposition in this case. The defendant will remain incarcerated for a period of ten months with work privileges Under the Huber Law.
By the Court. — Order modified to strike the portion of the order which extends defendant's probation for one year and, as modified, affirmed.