Summary
holding that "the teachers have a contractual relationship with the state and a. vested right" in the retirement system
Summary of this case from Wisconsin Medical Society, Inc. v. MorganOpinion
November 2, 1960 —
November 29, 1960.
APPEAL from a judgment of the circuit court for Dane county: EDWIN M. WILKIE, Circuit Judge. Affirmed.
For the appellant there was a brief by J. Robert Kaftan, and oral argument by Arthur Kaftan and J. Robert Kaftan, both of Green Bay.
For the respondent the cause was argued by James R. Wedlake, assistant attorney general, with whom on the brief was John W. Reynolds, attorney general.
Declaratory judgment. Suit by the State Teachers' Retirement Board against E. C. Giessel, director of the department of budget and accounts of the state of Wisconsin, to declare the state teachers' retirement system was not liable for the payment of $18,737.14 to the general fund of the state of Wisconsin and such amount could not be withheld by the defendant from the money certified by the plaintiff for transfer to the state teachers' retirement system on the ground that such withholding by the defendant or the payment by the plaintiff was unauthorized and illegal, and to require the defendant to prepare his warrant or voucher transferring such sum from the general fund to the state teachers' retirement fund. The defendant demurred. The trial court overruled the demurrer. The effect of the trial court's decision was to hold part of ch. 477, Laws of 1955, unconstitutional. The defendant appealed. Because the attorney general represented the State Teachers' Retirement Board, the governor appointed J. Robert Kaftan to represent the defendant.
Ch. 477, Laws of 1955, created the governor's commission on the study of retirement systems. The duty of the commission was to study the broad policy issues involved in a retirement system. A report to the governor and the legislature was to be made not later than January 15, 1957. Sec. 2 of the act created a sec. 20.02 (11), which provided for an appropriation from the general fund of a nonlapsible sum sufficient, but not to exceed $40,000, to conduct the study, and at the conclusion of the study the general fund was to be reimbursed from the earnings of the Wisconsin retirement fund and the teachers' retirement fund for all but $10,000 of the amount expended for the cost of making the study. This section also provided it was the intent of the legislature that the retirement funds pay for the technical aspects of the study and the clerical and administrative costs be paid from the general fund and that the two retirement funds be billed by the commission in accordance with an equitable distribution of costs and such reimbursements be deposited in the general fund as nonappropriated revenue.
"20.02 (11) Retirements study commission. There is appropriated from the general fund a nonlapsible sum sufficient but not to exceed $40,000 to conduct the study of the governor's commission on the study of retirement systems. At the conclusion of the study the general fund shall be reimbursed from the earnings of the Wisconsin retirement fund and the teachers' retirement fund for all but $10,000 of the amounts expended within the appropriation in this section for the cost of making the study of the retirement systems. The Wisconsin retirement fund and the teachers' retirement fund shall be billed by the commission in accordance with an equitable distribution of costs based on proper records, and such reimbursements shall be deposited in the general fund as nonappropriated revenue. It is the intent of the legislature that the retirement funds pay for the technical aspects of the study and that the clerical and administrative costs be paid for from the general fund."
In due time the study commission submitted its recommendations in an extensive report which included numerous tables, charts, and technical material relating to the three retirement systems which were studied by the commission, i.e.: Wisconsin retirement fund, state teachers' retirement fund, and Milwaukee retirement fund. A great deal of time and effort of the commission were devoted to the study of the Milwaukee retirement fund. For the purpose of implementing its recommendations, the commission prepared and sponsored the introduction of 17 bills, all of which were enacted into law by the 1957 legislature. Three of the bills affected only the Milwaukee retirement system. Some affected only the Wisconsin retirement fund, and five affected only the state teachers' retirement system or members thereof. The commission spent $38,312.02, of which $10,000 was chargeable to the general fund, $18,312.02 to the state teachers' retirement fund, and $10,000 to the Wisconsin retirement fund.
To understand the issue involved it is necessary to give a brief description of the nature and operation of the state teachers' retirement system. The system is basically a joint contributory money-purchase plan. Both the teachers and the state contribute and the amount of the retirement benefit is whatever can be financed with the amount credited to the teacher, depending upon current annuity rates. These rates are based upon anticipated interest earnings and the mortality experience of the fund. For the purpose of administration of the system, the statutes provide for the establishment and maintenance of three funds to which the assets of the system are allocated on the books of the board, to wit, the retirement deposit fund, the annuity reserve fund, and the contingent fund. The retirement deposit fund consists of deposits made by the teachers, those paid by the state for the teachers, and the interest added to these deposits. The annuity reserve fund consists of the amounts transferred thereto from the retirement deposit fund to pay annuities granted to retired teachers and includes interest credited thereto. Both of these funds have been maintained on an actuarially sound basis, at least until recently when certain minimum benefits were provided. The liability for any benefit to a teacher in excess of the amount which could be purchased from his own accumulations at the time of his retirement is carried as a charge upon the third, or contingent, fund. But this charge is not reflected as a liability in the contingent fund until the teacher actually retires.
The contingent fund was created for the purpose of liquidating obligations resulting from service credits accruing prior to 1922. The state teachers' retirement system which was created in 1921 replaced an earlier system established in 1911. At the time the contingent fund was created, this fund was insolvent and the law provided that the 1922 percentage relationship of assets to liabilities of this fund was to be increased two and one-half per cent per year by contributions from the state so that in approximately forty years the fund would be actuarially solvent.
In administering the system, sec. 42.33 (2), Stats., requires the plaintiff board to establish and maintain a reserve for contingencies in such amount "as the interest of the members and the future solvency of the funds may require." These three funds and the reserve for contingencies constitute the assets of the system. As a matter of state finance and accounting, the state treasurer has only one fund for the system, entitled, "Teachers' insurance and retirement fund." As a matter of accounting, all the interest and profits from the investments are first credited by the board to its reserve contingency fund. The expenses of administration, losses on investments, and other proper expenses are charged to this reserve. Part of the net earnings on the investments is allocated by the board and transferred to the retirement deposit fund, the annuity reserve fund, and the contingent fund, and a sufficient balance kept in this reserve fund as the interest of the members of the system and the future solvency of the funds may require.
The nature of the state teachers' retirement system and the rights of the members thereof have been the subject of four prior decisions of this court: State ex rel. Dudgeon v. Levitan (1923), 181 Wis. 326, 193 N.W. 499; State ex rel. O'Neil v. Blied (1925), 188 Wis. 442, 206 N.W. 213; State ex rel. Stafford v. State Annuity Investment Board (1935), 219 Wis. 31, 261 N.W. 718; State ex rel. Thomson v. Giessel (1952), 262 Wis. 51, 53 N.W.2d 726. The result of these decisions is that the teachers have a contractual relationship with the state and a vested right in the state teachers' retirement system. The contractual right and vested interest of the teachers in the retirement system are not disputed by the appellant, but it is argued the right of the teachers is not such as would exclude payment of the charge for the governor's study commission out of the earnings of the state teachers' retirement fund. It is argued that the plaintiff board is required to pay out funds according to law and appropriations from the earnings of the fund have been made by law each year, and therefore there is no vested right in the gross earnings of the fund. We do not agree. The teacher's right, based on contract, extends to the retirement system. The earnings on investments, part of which represent contributions made by the teachers and part contributed by the state under the contract with them, constitute assets of the system. The reserve for contingencies set up by the board is a part of the system.
The appellant's argument would deny any rights to the earnings on the investment until they are allocated and credited to the individual teacher's account. The right cannot be construed so narrowly. The right includes the proper use of the earnings. The expense of administering the system, losses on investments, and other proper expenses and charges are, of course, to be paid by the system. However, the legislature and the plaintiff board are not free to spend or appropriate the earnings of the fund except in a manner authorized by statute relating to the state teachers' retirement system.
The question, then, is whether the expense for the governor's study commission sought to be charged to the state teachers' retirement fund by ch. 477, Laws of 1955, is a proper expense of the retirement system. The study proposed for the governor's study commission was broad in its purpose. In essence, it was a study of any retirement problem relating to any retirement system which affected state finances. The report was for the benefit of the governor and the legislature, to whom the report was made. The plaintiff board could not have made such a study within the duties conferred upon it by the statutes, expressly or by necessary implication. The board is an administrative, not a lobbying, agency. Its duty is to administer the teachers' retirement system. True, it may make recommendations for correctional and other legislation, but it is not the function of the board to study retirement systems for the purpose of sponsoring legislation.
It is claimed that the purpose of the study by the governor's study commission was to improve the retirement system and, therefore, was within the purpose of the Retirement Law, as stated in the Dudgeon Case, supra. It is true that the governor's study commission ultimately made recommendations to improve the system. It is also true that the study may have revealed that no changes were necessary or desirable. The ultimate or general purpose of the governor's study commission was not the same as the purpose for which the state teachers' retirement system was established. The cost of adequately informing the legislature and the governor so that they may intelligently perform their duties is not a proper expense of the teachers' retirement fund.
Ch. 477, Laws of 1955, creating sec. 20.02 (11), was not a part of the State Teachers' Retirement Act which is defined in sec. 42.21. The complicated system of funds and accounting does not determine the rights of the teachers in the system. Unless the appropriation for expenditures of money belonging to the retirement system, whether principal or earnings and regardless of the accounting method which reflects their existence, comes within the purposes of the statutes relating to the state teachers' retirement system, such an appropriation cannot be held valid. The declaration by the legislature that part of the cost of the study was an expense of the retirement fund does not determine the validity of the expense. The argument of the appellant would free all earnings on investments in the retirement fund from any rights of the members of the system. The expenses of integrating social-security benefits stand on a different ground and it cannot be argued logically that because such expense was paid from the earnings of the fund, therefore the expense of the governor's study commission may be so paid.
It is argued the board took part in the study and the system received some of the benefits and, therefore, the board is estopped from questioning the constitutionality of the law. The make-up of the commission was determined by sec. 3 (2) of ch. 477, Laws of 1955, and of its 22 members, the executive secretary of the state teachers' retirement board and one representative from the attorney general's office assigned to the board were members. Such participation cannot waive the rights of the members of the teachers' system or of the board. The board as such took no part in the study. Assuming benefits were derived by some members of the state teachers' retirement system, those benefits were by virtue of the laws passed by the legislature.
It is vigorously contended that earnings from the increased contributions to the fund which resulted from the legislation of 1957 can be used to pay this charge on the theory that a teacher's contract is on a yearly basis and whatever law is in effect at the time of the contract governs it. Following this argument to its logical conclusion would mean that until retirement the security of the teachers in the system is of one-year duration. Such an argument was rejected in the cases previously cited. The argument also assumes that the expense was a proper one. The appropriation from the teachers' fund was not a part of the Teachers' Retirement Law, but was under the appropriation and salaries chapter. Furthermore, ch. 477, Laws of 1955, does not provide that only future earnings from the increased contributions were to be used to pay the charge. Therefore, that issue is not before us.
By sec. 15.15(4), Stats., the defendant is not authorized to withhold for the general fund of the state of Wisconsin as a deduction from the money which the plaintiff board certified was to be transferred and which was appropriated by the legislature therefrom to the retirement system pursuant to sec. 42.46 (2). The $18,737.14 was not owing the state, and the defendant was not collecting money due the state. The act provided for a reimbursement of the general fund of the state from the earnings of the teachers' retirement fund. The defendant cannot offset this amount and in any event he did not offset it from the earnings of the teachers' fund.
Only that part of ch. 477, Laws of 1955, relating to the appropriation of funds from the state teachers' retirement fund is in question. This provision is severable from the rest of the act. The study has been made and the statute by its terms provided for the transfer of the fund after its completion. No other part of the act is affected. The expenses of the governor's study commission have all been paid out of the general fund. Sec. 990.001 (11), Stats., provides for severability and raises the presumption that the provisions of any session law are severable and if any provision of a statute or session law is invalid, such invalidity shall not affect other provisions which can be given effect without the invalid provision. The invalid part of ch. 477 can stand alone and the balance of ch. 477 is unaffected by this decision. Redevelopment Authority v. Canepa (1959), 7 Wis.2d 643, 97 N.W.2d 695.
By the Court. — Judgment affirmed.