Summary
construing "medical record" as "any document or combination of documents . . . that pertains to the medical history, diagnosis, prognosis, or medical condition of a patient and that is generated and maintained in the process of medical treatment"
Summary of this case from State ex Rel. State Farm Mutual v. BennettOpinion
No. 58006
Decided November 21, 1989.
Public records — R.C. 149.43 — Coroners — Law enforcement investigatory records of suicide of a prisoner in a city jail subject to disclosure, when.
O.Jur 3d Civil Servants § 441. O.Jur 3d Records §§ 15, 25.
When the death of a prisoner in a city jail is treated as a suicide from the outset of a routine investigation of the suicide and not the result of a "specific suspicion of criminal wrongdoing," the records resulting from that investigation are not confidential law enforcement investigatory records and are subject to disclosure under R.C. 149.43.
IN MANDAMUS: Court of Appeals for Cuyahoga County.
Miller Tolaro Co., L.P.A., and Jeffrey H. Spiegler, for relator.
Nick Tomino, director of law, and Joseph J. Jerse, for respondents.
Relator, Barbara J. Ware, seeks a writ of mandamus to compel respondents, city of Cleveland, Mitchell J. Brown and Howard E. Rudolph (the "city"), to release investigation records concerning the suicide death of her husband, Samuel Ware, while he was a prisoner in the city jail.
Pursuant to a guidelines order, respondents filed a brief in opposition, a notice of submission of records under seal for individual scrutiny, and thirty-seven contested documents under seal. Relator filed a brief supporting her petition.
The respondents posit that the documents sought by relator are excepted from the disclosure requirements of R.C. 149.43 because they are confidential law enforcement investigatory records, medical records and trial preparation records.
R.C. 149.43(B) provides in part:
"All public records shall be promptly prepared and made available for inspection to any person at all reasonable times during regular business hours. Upon request, a person responsible for public records shall make copies available at cost, within a reasonable period of time. * * *"
Mandamus is an available remedy when a governmental unit fails to respond to a request for a public record pursuant to the statute. R.C. 149.43. Furthermore, in State, ex rel. Natl. Broadcasting Co., v. Cleveland (1988), 38 Ohio St.3d 79, 526 N.E.2d 786, the Supreme Court held at paragraphs one and two of the syllabus:
"1. Law enforcement investigatory records must be disclosed unless they are excepted from disclosure by R.C. 149.43 ( State, ex rel. Beacon Journal, v. Univ. of Akron, 64 Ohio St.2d 392, 18 O.O. 3d 534, 415 N.E.2d 310, approved and followed.)
"2. A governmental body refusing to release records has the burden of proving that the records are excepted from disclosure by R.C. 149.43."
Thus, respondents must first meet their burden of proof for the disputed records to be excepted from disclosure.
Respondents argue that photographs and thirty-two of the documents are without the disclosure requirements because they are trial preparation materials. R.C. 149.43(A)(4) states:
"`Trial preparation record' means any record that contains information that is specifically compiled in reasonable anticipation of, or in defense of, a civil or criminal action or proceeding * * *."
In Natl. Broadcasting Co., supra, at 85, 526 N.E.2d at 791, the court explained:
"While Ohio's public records law does not require the record to be compiled solely in anticipation of litigation, this court has consistently held that `* * * exceptions to disclosure enumerated in R.C. 149.43 are to be construed strictly against the custodian of public records and that all doubt should be resolved in favor of disclosure.' [ State, ex rel. Plain Dealer Publishing Co., v.] Lesak, supra [(1984), 9 Ohio St.3d 1], at 4, 9 OBR at 54, 457 N.E.2d at 823." (Emphasis sic.)
The city contends that, because the documents were generated as part of a homicide investigation, they were prepared for litigation purposes. The records provided to relator, however, belie this claim. The death of Samuel Ware was treated as a suicide from the outset. Moreover, the records submitted under seal demonstrate that these documents were prepared as part of a routine investigation of a jail suicide and not as the result of a "specific suspicion of criminal wrong-doing." Id. at 83, 526 N.E.2d at 790. We hold these compilations to be the very type of internal investigatory reports the Supreme Court held subject to disclosure, id. See, also, Barton v. Shupe (1988), 37 Ohio St.3d 308, 525 N.E.2d 812; State, ex rel. Natl. Broadcasting Co., v. Cleveland (Oct. 3, 1989), Cuyahoga App. No. 52337, unreported, applying Natl. Broadcasting Co., supra. Thus, reports related to the investigation of Ware's suicide are subject to disclosure.
The city further maintains that certain records need not be disclosed because they are excepted under the specific investigatory work product exception, R.C. 149.43(A)(2)(c):
"Specific investigatory work product can best be defined as material that demonstrably contains or reveals the theories, mental impressions, and thought processes of the investigator. * * *" Natl. Broadcasting Co., supra, at 84, 526 N.E.2d at 790.
The respondents have not provided this court with any evidence to indicate the reports requested by the relator are anything other than the results of a routine internal investigation of a suicide in the city jail. Since the city has not demonstrated that the documents are confidential law enforcement investigatory records, they are not exempt from disclosure as specific investigation work products and thus we need not reach that issue.
The city also claims that the Emergency Medical Service patient care report requested by relator is exempt from the disclosure requirements of R.C. 149.43 because it is a medical record. R.C. 149.43(A)(3) defines a "medical record" as:
"* * * any document or combination of documents * * * that pertains to the medical history, diagnosis, prognosis, or medical condition of a patient and that is generated and maintained in the process of medical treatment."
The report was not maintained or generated in the process of medical treatment. Samuel Ware received no medical treatment because he was found dead at the scene. The report must be disclosed.
Respondents next argue that the coroner's photographs are not subject to disclosure. R.C. 313.10 provides that all records of the coroner's office are open to inspection by the public. The city cites State, ex rel. Dayton Newspapers, Inc., v. Rauch (1984), 12 Ohio St.3d 100, 12 OBR 87, 465 N.E.2d 458, as authority for its claim that the coroner's photographs are specific investigatory work product exempt pursuant to R.C. 149.43. In Rauch the relator sought the coroner's report in a homicide investigation. The court stated that the fact that a homicide occurred distinguished the autopsy report from "routine factual reports" previously held subject to disclosure. Id. at 101, 12 OBR at 88, 465 N.E.2d at 459, citing State, ex rel. Beacon Journal, v. Univ. of Akron (1980), 64 Ohio St.2d 392, 18 O.O. 3d 534, 415 N.E.2d 310. As we noted earlier, in this case there was no homicide; Ware committed suicide. Thus, Rauch is not applicable and the coroner's photographs may be inspected by the relator.
The city urges that two reports relating to the operation of the jail are not subject to disclosure. These reports are "public records" as defined in R.C. 149.43(A)(1) and are thus subject to disclosure. See State, ex rel. Jacobs, v. Prudoff (1986), 30 Ohio App.3d 89, 30 OBR 187, 506 N.E.2d 927. The statute requires a public agency to disclose a public record unless the record is one of the clearly defined exceptions to the mandate of R.C. 149.43. A routine report on jail operations is not excepted by the statute.
Accordingly, this court orders a writ of mandamus against the respondents which orders them to release, without delay, the thirty-seven public records requested by the relator.
In her brief, relator also requests that this court award attorney fees arising from this action. R.C. 149.43 (C) permits this court to award reasonable attorney fees to a person compelled to institute a mandamus action to acquire public records.
Therefore, a hearing will be held on December 8, 1989 at 9:30 a.m. to determine whether reasonable attorney fees should be granted and, if so, the amount to be awarded. At the hearing, relator and respondents, collectively, will each be allotted one half hour to argue whether attorney fees are appropriate in this case and the value thereof. Exhibits and affidavits will be accepted by the court.
Writ granted.
PATTON and NAHRA, JJ., concur.