Opinion
No. 29,140.
Filed February 14, 1955. Rehearing denied, March 21, 1955.
1. OFFICERS — Sheriffs — Relinquishment of Prisoner to Federal Authorities — Waiver. — Where appellant was convicted of armed robbery, and while being held by Sheriff was released to Federal authorities and taken to federal penitentiary, and after release from penitentiary, was taken in custody by the Indiana authorities, it was held that sheriff could not waive any rights of state to exact the penalty for the crime committed since he does not represent state in matters of granting paroles or pardons which are province of Governor or Parole Board, and hence could not relinquish Indiana jurisdiction over appellant. p. 154.
2. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW — Due Process — Delay in Execution of Sentence. — No legal or constitutional right of appellant was violated when he was released to custody of federal authorities or when released by federal to state authorities to serve sentence. A delay in execution of judgment of commitment does not satisfy judgment or give criminal the right to be discharged from custody because of delay. p. 155.
3. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW — Right to Fair Trial — Waiver by Sovereignty of Exclusive Custody. — While one accused of crime has right to full and fair trial, he is entitled to no more than that, and such person cannot complain if one sovereignty waives its strict right of exclusive custody in order that the other sovereignty may also subject him to conviction of crime against it. p. 155.
From the LaPorte Circuit Court, John J. Davie, Judge.
Relator, Ralph W. Smith, filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus, which was denied. He appeals.
Affirmed.
Clarence E. Benadum, Ralph V. Cecil, and Frederick F. McClellan, all of Muncie, for relator.
Edwin K. Steers, Attorney General, and Frank W. Spencer and Carl M. Franceschini, Deputy Attorneys General, for appellee.
This is an appeal from a judgment denying appellant's petition for a writ of habeas corpus.
The question here presented is whether the alleged surrender of appellant by the Sheriff of Madison County to the Federal authorities for violation of a parole from the Federal Penitentiary at Leavenworth, Kansas, waived the right of the State of Indiana to exact the punishment ordered by the court for an armed robbery for which appellant had been sentenced to the Indiana State Prison for a term of ten years.
The pertinent facts are as follows:
On June 24, 1949, while appellant was a Federal parolee, he was arrested for armed robbery. He was tried, convicted, and sentenced to Indiana State Prison for ten years on June 30, 1949. He was taken to the Madison County Jail, and, on July 1, 1949, was released by the Sheriff to the Federal authorities and transported to the penitentiary at Leavenworth, Kansas, where he was confined until the 6th day of November, 1951, when he was returned to Indiana. He was returned to Madison County on said date, and, on November 14, 1951, taken to Indiana State Prison, where he has since been confined.
Appellant contends that the State of Indiana did not have the "right, power and/or authority to accept or gain jurisdiction and/or custody of this petitioner upon his release from said Federal Penitentiary, neither did the State of Indiana possess the right, power, and/or authority to impose the order of sentence and commitment of said Madison Circuit Court." Appellant further contends that a delay of two years and five months in executing the judgment of said court deprived the State of Indiana of the power to impose and restrain appellant under said judgment.
The evidence is conclusive that appellant was charged in the Madison Circuit Court with having committed an armed robbery. He was tried by a jury and found guilty. On the following day the court pronounced sentence and entered judgment.
We do not believe that the Sheriff of Madison County could waive the rights of the State of Indiana to exact the penalty imposed by the court on the verdict of the jury. The 1. sheriff does not represent the State of Indiana in matters of granting paroles or pardons, which are in the province of the Governor or legally constituted Parole Board, and hence could not relinquish for the State of Indiana jurisdiction over the appellant. See Gilchrist v. Overlade (1954), 233 Ind. 569, 122 N.E.2d 93, and Hackney v. Welsh (1886), 107 Ind. 253, 8 N.E. 141.
No legal or constitutional right of the appellant was violated when he was taken into custody by the Federal authorities, or when he was turned over to the custody of the appellee to serve the sentence of the Madison Circuit Court. Due process had been accorded to appellant. Rooney v. Hunter (1945), 64 F. Supp. 165.
In the opinion of the court, a delay in the execution of a judgment of commitment does not satisfy the judgment, nor does it give the criminal the right to be discharged from custody 2. because of such delay. In the instant case, appellant's debt to society in Indiana has not yet been paid. Sheriffs do not have power of pardon. Constitution of Indiana, Art. 5, Sec. 17; Egbert v. Tauer, Mayor (1922), 191 Ind. 547, 132 N.E. 370, 134 N.E. 199; Ex Parte Porter (1937), 60 Okla. Cr. 327, 64 P.2d 1235; O'Neil v. State (1902), 134 Ala. 189, 32 So. 667; Hopkins v. North (1926), 151 Md. 553, 135 A. 367.
In Ponzi v. Fessenden (1922), 258 U.S. 254, 260, 66 L.Ed. 607, 611, 42 S.Ct. 309, 310, the court said:
"One accused of crime has a right to a full and fair trial according to the law of the government whose sovereignty he is alleged to have 3. offended, but he has no more than that. He should not be permitted to use the machinery of one sovereignty to obstruct his trial in the courts of the other, unless the necessary operation of such machinery prevents his having a fair trial. He may not complain if one sovereignty waives its strict right to exclusive custody of him for vindication of its laws in order that the other may also subject him to conviction of crime against it."
Judgment affirmed.
Gilkison, C.J., and Achor, Bobbitt, and Emmert, JJ., concur.
NOTE. — Reported in 124 N.E.2d 208.