Opinion
No. 78-165
Opinion delivered December 11, 1978
1. DAMAGES — PERSONAL INJURIES — REQUIREMENTS FOR RECOVERY. in order for one to recover for personal injuries there must be a negligent act which proximately causes damage which can be reasonably foreseen. 2. NEGLIGENCE — DEFINITION. — Negligence is failure to do something which a reasonably careful person would do, or the doing of something which a reasonably careful person would not do, under circumstances similar to those shown by the evidence. 3. NEGLIGENCE — WHAT CONSTITUTES. — To constitute negligence an act must be one from which a reasonably careful person would foresee such an appreciable risk of harm to others as to cause him not to do the act, or to do it in a more careful manner. 4. EVIDENCE — SUBSTANTIAL EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT JURY VERDICT — QUESTION OF LAW, It is a question of law and not of fact as to whether there is any substantial evidence to support a jury verdict. 5. NEGLIGENCE — PROXIMATE CAUSE OF INJURIES — APPELLEE'S ACTIONS CONSTITUTING PROXIMATE CAUSE. Even if it were proven that the appellant hospital maintained a dirty public rest room and permitted a loose toilet seat to exist, these acts were not negligent acts that caused appellee's injuries, her injuries resulting from her act of standing on the commode seat, which was neither designed nor intended to be used in that way. 6. EVIDENCE — NO SUBSTANTIAL EVIDENCE TO SUPPORT FINDING OF NEGLIGENCE ON PART OF HOSPITAL — ENTITLEMENT TO DIRECTED VERDICT. Where there was no substantial evidence that could support a finding of negligence on the part of appellant hospital to cause appellee's back injury, appellant's motion for a directed verdict should have been granted.
Appeal from Pope Circuit Court, Russell C. Roberts, Judge; reversed and dismissed.
Wright, Lindsey Jennings, by: Annabelle Clinton, for appellant.
Felver A. Rowell, Jr., for appellee.
St. Mary's Hospital, Inc. of Russellville appeals from a Pope County jury verdict which awarded 813,000.00 to Mrs. Lorene Bynum, the appellee.
We agree with St. Mary's argument that there was no substantial evidence to support a finding of negligence by the jury and, therefore, we reverse the judgment in this case and dismiss it.
The facts are essentially undisputed. Mrs. Bynum's husband was in St. Mary's as a patient. She went to a rest room located adjacent to the waiting room. (She said she did not use the rest room which was in her husband's hospital room because she thought another patient might need to use it.) She said the rest room was dirty and that there was dried excrement on the commode seat. She said she would have covered the commode seat with tissue but there wasn't enough. She took off her shoes and attempted to stand on the seat; the seat slipped, or she lost her footing, and she fell injuring herself.
She went back to her husband's room, and about an hour later she returned to the same rest room and again tried to use the same seat in the same manner (that is, by standing on it), but could not do so because the seat was still loose. She almost fell again. At this point she reported the condition of the seat to a hospital employee. The defendant did not dispute evidence that the nuts which hold the seat in place were later tightened two turns.
Mrs. Bynum's sister essentially corroborated her story about the condition of the rest room although she did not testify that she saw any excrement on the toilet seat. She said that the seat was loose and "looked dirty." Mrs. Bynum's mother's testimony was substantially the same.
There was medical testimony that Mrs. Bynum had suffered a sprain of the lower back. It is unnecessary for us to go into the injury suffered by Mrs. Bynum, Which was obviously real and painful, because according to the law she was not entitled to recover any money from St. Mary's.
In order for one to recover for personal injuries there must be a negligent act which proximately causes damage which can be reasonably foreseen. Negligence is "failure to do something which a reasonably careful person would do or the doing of something which a reasonably careful person would not do, under circumstances similar to those shown by the evidence .... To constitute negligence an act must be one from which a reasonably careful person would foresee such an appreciable risk of harm to others as to cause him not to do the act, or to do it in a more careful manner." AMI Civil 2d 301.
It is a question of law and not of fact as to whether there is any substantial evidence to support a jury verdict. Missouri Pacific Transportation Co. v. Bell, 197 Ark. 250, 122 S.W.2d 958 (1938).
The record is void of any negligent act on the part of the hospital which caused this incident. The injuries suffered by Mrs. Bynum resulted from her act of standing on the commode seat, which was neither designed nor intended to be used in that way. In a similar case the Tennessee Supreme Court reached an identical result. Elliott v. Dollar General Corporation, 225 Tn. 658, 475 S.W.2d 651 (1971).
Mrs. Bynum argues the negligent acts of St. Mary's were maintaining a dirty rest room which precipitated her actions, and permitting a loose toilet seat to exist. These acts, if they were proved, were not negligent acts that caused Mrs. Bynum's injuries. Therefore, there is no substantial evidence that could support a finding of negligence on the part of St. Mary's; its motion for a directed verdict should have been granted.
Although we are sympathetic with Mrs. Bynum's injuries, we must conclude that as a matter of law she cannot recover from St. Mary's. Reversed and dismissed.
We agree. HARRIS, C.J., and FOGLEMAN and BYRD, JJ.