Summary
holding that a car owned by a jailed friend was furnished for the insured's regular use when he had free use of the car, used it often for his own purposes, parked it in his driveway, and contributed to its upkeep
Summary of this case from Volpe v. Prudential Property and Cas. Ins. Co.Opinion
No. 81-281
Decided June 9, 1982
1. Contracts — Construction — Common Meaning When interpreting an insurance contract, the supreme court will determine its meaning based upon the meaning that would be attached to it by a reasonable person.
2. Appeal and Error — Findings — Evidence Finding the subsidiary facts is for the trier of fact, and its findings are binding on the supreme court if they are supported by the evidence.
3. Insurance — Automobile Policies — Coverage In an action for a declaratory judgment to determine insurance coverage, where the insured had an insurance policy covering his car, and during the term of the policy, the insured had an accident while driving a van owned by a third party, and the record showed that the insured used the van frequently and contributed to its upkeep, the trial court did not err in finding that there was no insurance coverage under the policy, where the policy covered the insured when driving an owned or non-owned automobile including a temporary substitute automobile and the master found that the van was not a non-owned automobile since the van was furnished for the regular use of the insured and that the van was not an owned automobile because it was not a temporary substitute automobile in that the insured used the van frequently and irrespective of the condition of his car.
Lanea A. Witkus, of Newport, by brief and orally, for the plaintiff.
Brighton, Fernald, Taft Hampsey P.A., of Peterborough (John R. Falby, Jr., on the brief and orally), for the defendant.
This case involves the question of whether the defendant-insurer's policy with the plaintiff covers the vehicle that the plaintiff was driving at the time of an accident. Upon the Master's (Charles T. Gallagher, Esq.) recommendation, the Superior Court (Johnson, J.) found that there was no coverage under the policy. We affirm.
The plaintiff, Gary M. Spaulding, at the time in question, had an insurance policy with Concord General Mutual Insurance Company (Concord General) covering a 1973 Opel. On October 5, 1979, while driving a 1966 Ford Econoline van, the plaintiff collided with a parked automobile owned by a Mr. Richard Saia. When Mr. Saia sued Mr. Spaulding, Concord General denied coverage. The plaintiff then brought this action for a declaratory judgment in superior court.
The Ford van in question was registered to a Steven Hoyt. It had been purchased approximately a year and a half before the accident and had been parked primarily in the plaintiff's driveway. The plaintiff used the van frequently and contributed to its upkeep. Because Mr. Hoyt was in jail from July 27, 1979, to November 26, 1979, he was unable to use the van during that time. The plaintiff said he was driving the van during early October 1979, because his Opel was uninspected. The Opel, however, passed inspection three days after the accident.
The plaintiff was insured under the Concord General policy when driving an owned or non-owned automobile. An owned automobile is defined by the policy as "a private passenger . . . automobile described in this policy for which a specific premium charge indicates that coverage is afforded . . . [or] a temporary substitute automobile." A temporary substitute automobile is further defined as "any automobile . . ., not owned by the named insured, while temporarily used with the permission of the owner as a substitute for the owned automobile . . . when withdrawn from normal use because of its breakdown, repair, servicing, loss or destruction." A non-owned automobile is defined as "an automobile . . . not owned by or furnished for the regular use of either the named insured or any relative, other than a temporary substitute automobile."
[1, 2] When interpreting an insurance contract, we will determine its meaning "based upon the meaning that would be attached to it by a reasonable person." Exeter Banking Co. v. N.H. Ins. Co., 121 N.H. 1083, 1086, 438 A.2d 310, 313 (1981) (quotations omitted). Finding the subsidiary facts, however, is for the trier of fact, and its findings are binding on this court if they are supported by the evidence. Moore v. N.H. Ins. Co., 122 N.H. 328, 332, 444 A.2d 543, 545 (1982).
The master determined that the van was not a non-owned automobile. Because he found that, during the first five days of October and for an indefinite period of time prior thereto, the plaintiff had free use of the van, he could properly hold that the van had been "furnished for the regular use of the named insured," taking the van out of the non-owned automobile definition.
The master also determined that the van was not an owned automobile because it was not a temporary substitute automobile. The master found that the van had been frequently used by the plaintiff for his own purposes; it is apparent from the record that the plaintiff's use of the van was not dependent on the condition of the Opel. See Green v. Dawson, 165 N.J. Super. 52, 57, 397 A.2d 727, 729 (1979); Strozewski v. American Family Mut. Ins. Co., 46 Wis.2d 123, 130, 174 N.W.2d 550, 553-54 (1970). We cannot say the master was in error.
Accordingly, we affirm the ruling that the Ford van was not covered by Concord General's policy at the time of the accident.
Affirmed.
KING, C.J., did not sit; the others concurred.