Summary
stating an unappealed ruling is the law of the case
Summary of this case from State v. HeywardOpinion
Appellate Case No. 2014–000951. No. 27551.
07-29-2015
Gerald SMITH, Respondent, v. STATE of South Carolina, Petitioner.
Attorney General, Alan M. Wilson and Senior Assistant Attorney General, David A. Spencer, both of Columbia, for petitioner. Appellate Defender, Robert M. Pachak, of Columbia, for respondent.
Attorney General, Alan M. Wilson and Senior Assistant Attorney General, David A. Spencer, both of Columbia, for petitioner.
Appellate Defender, Robert M. Pachak, of Columbia, for respondent.
Opinion
Justice HEARN.Gerald Smith was indicted for murder and pled guilty to voluntary manslaughter in the killing of his oxycontin supplier. He was sentenced to twenty-four years' imprisonment after the State requested he receive the maximum punishment. In this post-conviction relief (PCR) action, Smith alleges his attorney was deficient for failing to object to the State's recommendation after the State had previously promised to remain silent during sentencing. The PCR court denied Smith's application and the court of appeals reversed. Smith v. State, 407 S.C. 270, 754 S.E.2d 900 (Ct.App.2014).
We agree with the court of appeals' excellent analysis that the State's recommendation of the maximum sentence was a breach of its agreement with Smith even where the State did not get the expected benefit of its bargain, and that Smith would not have pled guilty had he known the solicitor was going to breach the agreement; therefore, plea counsel's failure to object constituted ineffective assistance of counsel. See Thompson v. State, 340 S.C. 112, 531 S.E.2d 294 (2000) (holding counsel was ineffective for failing to object when the solicitor recommended the trial judge impose the maximum sentence in contravention of its agreement to stay silent); Jordan v. State, 297 S.C. 52, 374 S.E.2d 683 (1988) (same).
We take this opportunity to explain the proper remedy under these circumstances. In Jordan, the Court reversed the PCR court's denial of relief and remanded for either a new trial or resentencing. Id. at 52, 374 S.E.2d at 684. In Thompson, the Court reversed the PCR court's denial of relief, and remanded solely for resentencing. 340 S.C. at 118, 531 S.E.2d at 297. Here, presumably following the precedent of Thompson, the court of appeals reversed and remanded for resentencing. We now clarify the proper remedy is a new trial. Although Smith's attorney was deficient for failing to object at the sentencing hearing, the underlying question is whether Smith would have entered into the plea agreement had he known the State was going to breach the agreement.See Jordan, 297 S.C. at 54, 374 S.E.2d at 684 (stating a defendant alleging ineffective assistance of counsel during a guilty plea must show “there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel's errors, he would not have pleaded guilty and would have insisted on going to trial”) (quoting Hill v. Lockhart, 474 U.S. 52, 59, 106 S.Ct. 366, 88 L.Ed.2d 203 (1985) ). Therefore, the proper remedy for counsel's ineffective assistance is invalidation of the entire agreement.
We note that Smith requested only a new trial—not resentencing—during his PCR hearing.
--------
Nevertheless, we affirm the court of appeals' decision reversing and remanding for resentencing because neither party appealed from the mandate portion of the decision. The court of appeals' unappealed remand for resentencing is thus the law of the case. See Atl. Coast Builders & Contractors, LLC v. Lewis, 398 S.C. 323, 329, 730 S.E.2d 282, 285 (2012) (“[A]n unappealed ruling, right or wrong, is the law of the case.”). Therefore, we affirm the decision of the court of appeals in toto.
TOAL, C.J., KITTREDGE, J., and Acting Justice JAMES E. MOORE, concur. PLEICONES, J., concurring in result only.