Opinion
No. 01-03-01264-CR
Opinion issued November 24, 2004. DO NOT PUBLISH. Tex.R.App.P. 47.2(b).
On Appeal from the 174th District Court, Harris County, Texas, Trial Court Cause No. 923412.
Panel consists of Justices NUCHIA, HANKS, and HIGLEY.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appellant, Peter James Smith, was charged by indictment with aggravated robbery. See Tex. Pen. Code Ann. § 29.03 (Vernon 2003). He pleaded guilty without an agreed recommendation as to punishment. Appellant requested community supervision and a pre-sentencing investigation (PSI) report. After a hearing, the trial court found him guilty and assessed punishment at 40 years' confinement. In four issues, appellant contends that the trial court erred in reviewing the PSI report prior to entering a finding of guilt, in violation of his federal constitutional right of due process of law and his state constitutional right to due course of law, and erred in assessing punishment disproportionate to the offense, in violation of his federal and state constitutional rights against cruel and unusual punishment. We affirm.
Background
On September 22, 2003, appellant entered a plea of guilty to the charge of aggravated robbery in the indictment and filed an application for community supervision. On the same date, appellant signed and filed a "Waiver of Constitutional Rights, Agreement to Stipulate, and Judicial Confession." During the plea proceedings, the trial court stated it would defer entering a formal finding until a PSI report could be prepared. At the opening of the PSI hearing, on December 4, 2003, the trial court found that the PSI had been prepared and stated that the court was familiar with its contents. At the close of the hearing, the court found appellant guilty, denied community supervision, and assessed punishment at forty years' confinement.Review of the PSI Report
In his first and second issues, appellant contends that the trial court erred fundamentally in reviewing his PSI report prior to formally entering its finding of guilt. Specifically, appellant claims his conviction is void due to violations of his federal constitutional right of due process of law and his state constitutional right to due course of law. U.S. Const. amends. V, XIV; Tex. Const. art. I, § 19. At issue is the following statement by the trial court at the opening of the PSI hearing:The defendant previously appeared before the Court and entered his plea to the first degree felony offense of aggravated robbery. The Court deferred a finding and conducted a presentence investigation. That presentence investigation has been conducted. It will be made a part of the Court's file. The Court is familiar with its contents.(Emphasis added.) Appellant contends that this statement shows that the trial court reviewed appellant's PSI report prior to the hearing and prior to the entrance of its formal finding of guilt. Appellant further contends that, even though he raised no objection on this point in the trial court, this error cannot be waived because it renders his conviction fundamentally defective. Appellant heavily relies upon State ex rel. Bryan v. McDonald, 662 S.W.2d 5 (Tex.Crim.App. 1983), to support his contentions. There, the court indeed found that, at the time of the lower court proceedings, nothing in Code of Criminal Procedure, article 42.12, allowed inspection of a PSI report prior to entering a formal finding on guilt. Id. at 7. However, we note that the Court also found that an amendment to article 42.12 had since taken place that prospectively carved out an exception to allow for inspection once a defendant pleads guilty. Id. at 7 n. 1. Appellant also heavily relies upon State ex rel. Turner v. McDonald, 676 S.W.2d 375 (Tex.Crim.App. 1984), which has been superceded by statute. Whitelaw v. State, 29 S.W.3d 129, 134 (Tex.Crim.App. 2000) (finding that "the trial court was empowered under Article 42.12 to consider a PSI for the purpose of determining whether the defendant should receive probation"). Currently, Code of Criminal Procedure, article 42.12, reflects the amendment discussed above in Bryan and provides, in pertinent part, as follows:
(c) The judge may not inspect a report and the contents of the report may not be disclosed to any person unless:
(1) the defendant pleads guilty or nolo contendere or is convicted of the offense; or
(2) the defendant, in writing, authorizes the judge to inspect the report.Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 42.12, § 9(c) (Vernon Supp. 2004-2005) (emphasis added). Here, the PSI report was ordered after appellant entered his plea of guilty. Thus, any inspection by the trial court necessarily took place after such plea, in conformance with the statutory requirement, and could not have influenced its finding of guilt. See id. art. 42.12, § 9(c)(1); Wissinger v. State, 702 S.W.2d 261, 263 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1985, pet. ref'd) (finding that PSI report could not have influenced lower court beyond deciding appropriate punishment when PSI report was ordered after defendant had pleaded no contest). Moreover, a defendant adjudged guilty of aggravated robbery is not eligible for a probated sentence. Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 42.12, § 3g(a)(1)(F) (Vernon 2004-2005). As appellant acknowledges, the only way that appellant could have been placed on community supervision was if the trial court deferred its adjudication of guilt. See Wissinger, 702 S.W.2d at 263. It was appellant's position that community supervision would be an effective choice for the court because appellant did not lead the robbery nor did he shoot the victim; rather, he was "a follower" by nature and was simply in the wrong place at the wrong time. Most likely, appellant elected to have a PSI report prepared in hopes that the report would yield precisely this picture and persuade the court to consider leniency. See id. It was inevitable that the trial court would need to consider the report before finding appellant guilty; otherwise, community supervision would not have been an option. See id. In sum, the procedure followed herein was requested by appellant and was never the subject of any objection. See id. There is no evidence that the trial court considered the PSI report until after appellant pleaded guilty, stipulated to the evidence, and signed a judicial confession. See id. Under these circumstances, the PSI report could not have influenced the trial court's determination of guilt. Thus, appellant has not shown that his constitutional rights were violated when the trial court reviewed his PSI report prior to entering its formal finding of guilt. We overrule appellant's first and second issues.