Summary
In Smith v. Figure World Plus, Inc., 288 Ark. 355, 705 S.W.2d 432 (1986), the court held that while these cases should be examined on their own particular facts, two of the principal factors in determining if the charge is truly a penalty is whether the charge is fixed in amount and whether it is assessed as a one-time charge.
Summary of this case from Dye v. Precision Found. Specialties & Flow Rite Drainage Sols.Opinion
No. 85-291
Opinion delivered March 17, 1986
1. USURY — LATE CHARGE WILL NOT RENDER TRANSACTION USURIOUS. — A late charge which is in the nature of a penalty will not render a transaction usurious. 2. USURY — INTEREST LABELED PENALTY — EFFECT ON MAKING TRANSACTION USURIOUS. — A charge which is labeled a penalty, but which is really a subterfuge for interest, may render a transaction usurious. 3. USURY — REVIEW STANDARD — FACTORS TO CONSIDER. — Although the appellate court examines each case of this type on its own particular facts, two of the principal factors in determining if the charge is truly a penalty are whether the charge is fixed in amount and whether it is assessed as a one-time charge. 4. APPEAL ERROR — FAILURE TO OFFER PROOF. — Where appellant had the burden of showing usury and failed to offer proof, any argument on appeal will not be considered.
Appeal from the Pulaski Circuit Court, Sixth Division; David Bogard, Judge; affirmed.
The Haskins Hendricks Law Firm, for appellant.
House, Wallace, Nelson Jewell, P.A., by: Paul W. Stanfield, for appellee.
Appellant, Kim Smith, entered into a written contract with the appellee, Figure World Plus, Inc., by which appellee agreed to make its health club facilities available for one year, and appellant agreed to pay $30.00 initially and $10.00 per month for one year. The contract also provided for a late charge in the amount of $10.00 for each month in which payment was late. The appellant defaulted on nine of the monthly payments. The appellee filed suit for $180.00 representing $90.00 due for the facilities being available and $90.00 for nine late charges. The appellant defended by arguing that the $90.00 in late charges amounted to usurious interest. The trial court granted judgment for $180.00. We affirm.
[1-3] A late charge which is in the nature of a penalty will not render a transaction usurious. Harris v. Guaranty Financial Corp., 244 Ark. 218, 424 S.W.2d 355 (1968). However, a charge which is labeled a penalty, but which is really a subterfuge for interest, may render a transaction usurious. Redbarn Chemicals, Inc. v. Bradshaw, 254 Ark. 557, 494 S.W.2d 720 (1973). Although we examine each case of this type on all of its own particular facts, two of the principal factors in determining if the charge is truly a penalty are whether the charge is fixed in amount and whether it is assessed as a one-time charge. Bunn v. Weyerhaeuser Co., 268 Ark. 445, 598 S.W.2d 54 (1980). We look to those two factors because they are indicators of whether the charge is designed to induce prompt payment and whether the borrower has it in his power to avoid the charges. Hayes v. First National Bank of Memphis, 256 Ark. 328, 507 S.W.2d 701 (1974).
Here, the charges met the test of a penalty because they were fixed in amount and they were charged only one time. They were not compounded.
Appellant contends that the charges are excessive because they do not bear any relationship to the appellee's added expenses incurred in attempting to collect the past due installments. The argument is without merit because the appellant offered no proof on the subject and the burden was upon her to show usury. Hayes v. First National Bank of Memphis, supra.
Affirmed.
PURTLE, J., not participating.